Antiphonal Histories: Resonant Pasts in the Toba Batak Musical Present

Index

309 Aceh: European images of, 99–101; and Islam, 99–100, 103–6, 108, 116, 127, 131, 184; and Parmalim, 114. See also literary traditions: Acehnese adat: adat house/hall, 31–33, 215, 235; and Christianity, 98, 128, 196, 209–11, 245; and dance, 75–76, 230–31; expertise in, 120–21, 189–90, 218, 227, 232; and gangsters, 142–45; and gondang, 98, 155, 226–27, 245–46; and kinship, 38, 43, 67, 75, 138, 162, 166–67, 240–41, 265–66; and musicians , 67, 69, 149–50, 223–25, 235; parts of Toba adat ceremony, 31, 75, 92, 136, 190–94, 196, 226, 230, 245–46; pesta adat, 226; raja adat, 38; in Sumatran interior, 95, 102, 113; and tugu, 225; as work (ulaon adat), 35, 166–67, 193–94, 217. See also sahala; tarombo Alexander the Great, 79, 104; Iskandar Zulkarnain, 104, 107; Raja Stambul, 104, 108, 114; in Sejarah Melayu, 79, 104, 107. See also Si Guntang Hill Ambon, 205–9; Ambon Tangis/Ambon Cries, 205–9, 213 Anderson, Benedict, 49, 93, 164; “The Idea of Power in Javanese Culture,” 80 andung, 147, 186–87, 246–52; “Andung ni Anak Siampundan,” 246–48. See also “Inang” arbab. See musical instruments: arbab “Arbab,” 209–13. See also Gultom, Bonar Atisa, 56 Austronesia, 74–75, 79. See also hybridity; sahala; syncretism babiat sitelpang, 38, 52–55, 267–68. See also stories, genealogical: Boru Pareme Bartlett, H. H., 108–10 Batak: general category, 9, 34, 39, 55–56, 82, 91, 101–104, 115–116, 151, 269n9; Karo, 72, 102, 104, 106, 118, 125, 170–71, 174, 228, 247; Mandailing, 72–73, 99, 117–18, 125, 133–34, 228; Simalungun, 108–9, 114, 125, 174, 211–12, 247; Toba (see Toba) Bertayil, 8, 10 bindu, 2, 17; bindu matogu, 80–81, 85, 109–11 Borobodur, 97 Boru Pareme. See “Raja Lontung”; stories, genealogical: Boru Pareme brass music. See musical genres: brass ensembles Buddhism: cosmology of, 79–80; HinduBuddhism , 13, 32, 90–91, 105, 115; Mahayana, 91; and Srivijaya, 7, 82, 115; Tantric, 192; Theraveda, 79. See also Atisa; syncretism “Butet,” 156–57 cartography: Arabic, 6–10, 259, 267–68; Dutch colonial, 10–12, 20; inscribing geography, 11, 115–16; Toba cosmological, 17–22, 55–56, 225; Toba cultural, 20, 51, 56. See also mercantilism; missionaries; pustaha ; yantra Chakrabarty, Dipesh, 57–59 Christianity: Calvinism, 96, 115, 117–20, 124, 197–98, 260–64; Catholicism , 109, 114–15, 117, 186; and choral music, 15, 198–204, 209–13, 249–250; and colonial complicity, 22, 99–100, 104, 116–17, 130, 169, 205; Lutheranism, 86–87, 95–96, 115–16, 119, 124, 195–96; as minority identity, 30, 125, 129–34, 151–52, 156, Index + 310 / Index 169, 207–9; and popular music, 151–52; and Toba agency, 117–121; and Toba traditional music, 95–99, 116–17, 125–28, 134, 246; and Toba traditional religion, 39, 49, 58, 66, 81–84, 114, 117, 189, 213, 247, 267–68; and translation, 118–121, 129–30. See also Ambon; Cross of Love; Gereformeerde Kerken; HKBP; kor ama; musical genres: hymns; missionaries; Nommensen, Ludwig Ingwer; Parmalim colonialism: anticolonialism (see Parmalim; Sisingamangaraja XII;) Dutch, 3, 10–13, 74, 116, 143, 231, 251–52; and mission work, 124–25, 189, 203; and modern nationalism, 131, 135; and music, 14, 67, 84, 106, 136, 138, 189, 203, 205; and the past, 4, 52–53, 56–57, 79, 102; and recordkeeping , 16, 67, 81, 108–9, 118, 155; subject-creating, 116, 136, 143; and territorial expansion, 10–12, 98, 116–19, 125, 205. See also Hutagalung , Waldemar; Nommensen, Ludwig Ingwer; Parmalim; Raffles, Sir Thomas Stamford; Sisingamangaraja XII; Snouck Hurgronje, Christiaan; Vergouwen, Jacob Cornelis Cross of Love, 97, 99–100, 118–120, 124, 126 “Cucak Rowo,” 152–55 Errington, Shelly, 52–53 esotericism: in gondang, 68–69, 83–85, 86–91, 108–111; in ritual, 84–85; in Tantrism , 72, 82; in Toba literature, 22 FPI (Front Pembela Islam), 129–31 gamelan, 82, 164, 172; compared to gondang, 72–73, 155 gangster activity, 33, 132, 140, 224; and the military, 143–44, 146, 149–50, 164; youth gangs, 132, 142–46. See also lapo tuak: and gangsters; Medan: underworld; Panggabean, Olo gender: in genealogies, 57, 65; in the lapo tuak, 176–80; of musical instruments , 72–73, 88, 90, 109–10, 260; in Padang Bulan HKBP, 196–98, 204 (see also kor ama); and the palm tree, 192; Tantric understanding of, 72–73, 88, 90, 109–10, 192; in traditional...