The Underground Railroad in Connecticut

Notes

NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. W. J. Cash, The Mind of the South (New York, 1941), 87. 2. Cf. Wilbur H. Siebert, The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom (New York, 1898), 47 and passim. Under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1793, the aiding of fugitive slaves was a penal offense punishable by a fine of $500. 3. Henrietta Buckmaster,Let My People Go (New York, 1941), 59; Alexander Milton Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist (Toronto, 1876), 2-3. 4. Siebert, op. cit., 33, 34, 68, 346-347. 5. Siebert, op. cit., 190-191. 6. Siebert, op. cit., 237, 340-342. Chapter 1 BLAZING THE TRAIL 1. Bernard C. Steiner, History of Slavery in Connecticut (Johns Hopkins University Studies, IX-X [Baltimore, 1893], 9; Norris G. Osborn, History of Connecticut (New York, 1925), III, 318. Osborn states that the first record of a slave in Connecticut dates from 1639. 2. Henry Morris, "Slavery in the Connecticut Valley" (Papers and Proceedings of the Connecticut Valley Historical Society [Springfield, 1881]), 208. 3. Lewis Sprague Mills, The Story of Connecticut (New York, 1953), 308; James E. Coley, "Slavery in Connecticut," Magazine of American History, XXF (January—June 1891), 490. 4. Steiner, op. cit., 18. 5. J. E. A. Smith, The History of Pitts field, Massachusetts, 1800-1876 (Springfield, 1876), 52; Morris, op. cit., 212-213. 6. Ibid., 215. 220 The Underground Railroad in Connecticut 7. Steiner, History of Slavery in Connecticut (Johns Hopkins University Studies, XI [Baltimore, 1893]), 450. 8. Microfilm letters on the Underground Railroad in Connecticut , collection of Professor Wilbur H. Siebert, Ohio State University, 19. (This material is hereafter cited as "Letters, U.G.R.R. Conn.") 9. Dwight L. Dumond, Antislavery: The Crusade for Freedom in America (Ann Arbor, 1961), 17-19. 10. Frances M. Calkins, History of Norwich, Connecticut (Hartford , 1866), 520. 11. Steiner, op. cit., 55, 68-70. 12. New London Gazette, December 2, 1768. 13. Lorenzo Johnston Greene, The Negro in Colonial New England , 1620-1776 (New York, 1942), 146. 14. Steiner, op, cit., 19. 15. Greene, op. cit., 146. 16. F. C. Bissell, "The Reverend Samuel Peters of Hebron, Connecticut . , ." (typescript, Connecticut State Library, Hartford ). 17. This account of the adventures of James Mars is based on his own book, Life of James Mars, A Slave Born and Sold in Connecticut, Written by Himself (Hartford, 1865). Quotations are from that source. 18. Adam C. White, The History of the Town of Litchfield, Connecticut , 1720-1920 (Litchfield, 1920), 153. 19. Martin H. Smith, "Old Slave Days in Connecticut," The Connecticut Magazine, X (1906), 115ff. Quotations are from that source. 20. Anon., "Slavery in Connecticut/1 Magazine of American History , XF (January-June, 1886), 614; Coley, op. cit., 492. 21. Iveagh H. Sterry and William Garrigus, They Found a Way: Connecticut's Restless People (Brattleboro, Vt., 1938), 262263 ; Lillian E. Prudden, "A Paper . . . at the Fortnightly Club in New Haven, November 16, 1949" (typescript, Connecticut State Library), 11-12. 22. Dumond, op. cit., 47, 57; Steiner, op. cit., 69-70. 23. Ibid., 70. 24. Wilbur H. Siebert, Vermont's Anti-Slavery and Underground Railroad Record (Columbus, 1937), 5. 25. Dumond, op. cit., 80-81, 93. NOTES 221 26. Steiner, op. cit., 84; Jarvis Means Morse, A Neglected Period of Connecticut's History, 1818-1850 (New Haven, 1933), 192. 27. Robert A. Warner, New Haven Negroes, A Social History (New Haven, 1940), 42; Early L. Fox, The American Colonisation Society, 1817-1840 (Johns Hopkins University Studies, XXXVII [Baltimore, 1919]), 29. 28. A. Doris Banks Henries, The Liberian Nation (New York, 1954), 15. 29. African Repository and Colonial Journal, V (May, 1829), 93; Warner, op. cit., 42. 30. Willbur Fisk, "Substance of an Address Delivered Before the Middletown Colonization Society at the Annual Meeting, July 4, 1835" (Middletown, 1835), 15; Fox, op. cit., 29-31; Warner, op. cit., 48. 31. Leonard W. Bacon, Anti-Slavery Before Garrison (New Haven, 1903), 9. 32. Lorenzo D. Turner, Antislavery Sentiment in American Literature Prior to 1865 (Washington, 1929), 33. 33. William Lloyd Garrison, quoted in Bacon, op. cit., 10. Chapter & THORNY is THE PATHWAY 1. William Lloyd Garrison, "A Salutation," The Liberator, January 1, 1831. 2. First Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the New England Anti-Slavery Society . . . (Boston, 1833), 13-14; W. Sherman Savage, "The Controversy over the Distribution of Abolition Literature, 1830-1860" (Washington, 1938), 9. 3. Samuel J. May, Some Recollections of Our Antislavery...