The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction

Contents

Contents Preface ix introduction Science Fiction and This Moment 1 first beauty Fictive Neology 13 second beauty Fictive Novums 47 third beauty Future History 76 fourth beauty Imaginary Science 111 fifth beauty The Science-Fictional Sublime 146 sixth beauty The Science-Fictional Grotesque 182 seventh beauty The Technologiade 216 concluding unscientific postscript The Singularity and Beyond 262 Notes 267 Bibliography 295 Index 317 Preface I wanted to have a bird’s eye view; I ended up in outer space. ❍ This book began with a pedagogical purpose. I had hoped to map out some ideas about the historical and philosophical aspects of science fiction (sf), and through these ideas to outline the concepts I felt were most useful for studying sf as a distinctive genre. I had hoped to do it in language that would be accessible not only to specialists, but to readers outside the academy as well. In time I understood that I was also writing it for my own small, dispersed community of literary comparatists. The great literary theorists of the twentieth century from whom I learned the most — Georg Lukács, Erich Auerbach, M. M. Bakhtin, Northrop Frye, and Edward Said — had little or nothing to say about the genre to which I had devoted most of my professional life. Thus I aspired to establish a place for sf in the historical continuum of literature and art. Consequently, my approach is somewhat Old School. In the constantly accelerating transformations of our technoscientific culture, many of my vehicles are probably already receding in the rearview mirror. Consider Seven Beauties then a work of steampunk criticism. I have not tried to be systematic or complete. Neither have I tried to debate, or to anticipate criticism. The main purpose of this book is to inspire better ones, not to have the last word. My greatest challenge has been to design arguments that will account for both refined artistic examples of sf and the popular commodity forms of “sci-fi.” Theories concerned with the former tend to treat popular forms with contempt. Populist theories tend to ignore or discount the most artistically and intellectually interesting works: sf’s contributions to elite culture. I have tried to formulate categories that will account for sf in all its manifestations . My goal is to understand science fictionality as a way of thinking about the world, made concrete in many different media and styles, rather than as a particular market niche or genre category. This book is only the first step in that project, which still requires close study of sf in film, televiix sion, visual art, music, and new digital media. Although the Seven Beauties appear in many different forms, they are attractors of all forms of science fiction. My title alludes to a revered medieval Persian poem. The Haft Paykar (Seven beauties), a mystical epic by the twelfth-century Azeri poet, Nizami, tells of the legendary King Bahram Gur’s discovery of a secret room in his palace, in which he finds the portraits of seven beautiful princesses. He falls in love with each of them, sets out to find them in the seven main regions of the known earth, marries them, and builds a palace with seven domes for them, ensconcing each in her own hall. Each of the princesses represents a different cosmic principle. He visits each of them for a night, during which they tell him a rich allegorical tale of mystical love and moral enlightenment. So is my title meant to evoke the image of a fantastic edifice with seven halls. Each is rich and intriguing in its own right, and each contains the others. I am not entirely sure how my “beauties” should be understood in rationalistic terms. They are perhaps cognitive attractions, intellectual gravitational fields that draw our attention. They are perhaps mental schemes, through which we organize our thinking. They are perhaps tools for thought, so well made that we admire their design at the very moment we are using them. Whatever else they are, they compose a constellation of thoughts that sf helps us to become conscious of. Some readers will find seven an arbitrary number; others, a full set. This book emerged out of dialogues with hundreds of students and most especially with colleagues and friends, who alerted me again and again that science fiction is more than a literary genre or a social passion. It is a way of...