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Note on Transliteration In transliterating Arabic, I have generally followed the system adopted by the American Library Association and the Library of Congress. I represent one Arabic consonant differently. Instead of using the symbol “z .” to represent the consonant pronounced like the “th” in “though,” I use the symbol “t.h.” I have used this system of transliteration for most persons’ names, including those of well-known figures such as Jamāl ‘Abd al-Nās .ir. For wellknown place names and organizations, however, I have used accepted English spellings, such as Beirut, Cairo, and Fatah. In references to titles of non-Arabic sources, I have retained the spelling of Arabic names used in the original documents. Thus, while in the body of the text I use “Umm Kulthūm,” references to titles of English and French sources include various original spellings such as “Oum Kalthoum,” “Om Kalthoum,” and “Umm Kolthoum.” When referring to Arab authors who have published work in English or French, I have adopted their preferred nonstandard transliterations of their names. ...

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