Notes
Notes Preface 1. Calafell and Holling, introduction, xvi. 2. On the history of these terms, see Oboler, Ethnic Labels, Latino Lives. My original preference was to use the term “Latin@” throughout the book because the “@” is meant to achieve gender subversion by breaking down the strict dichotomy between masculine and feminine that is implicated in the “a/o” of “Latina/o.” However, I have been persuaded by the editorial staff at The University of Alabama Press to use “Latina/o” instead, to prevent problems with the listing and searching of the book in online databases that could be posed by using the “@” sign. This terminological choice elicited much deliberation and discussion, and it has demonstrated to me the need for continued scholarship on Latina/o identities so as to influence the broader academic community to consider the theoretical, conceptual, and terminological issues involved in this research. 3. The obvious exception will be when quoted material renders Spanish words or phrases in italics. For further discussion of this issue, see Holling and Calafell, “Tracing the Emergence of Latin@ Vernaculars in the Studies of Latin@ Communication.” Introduction 1. Chavez, The Latino Threat; Cisneros, “Contaminated Communities”; Cisneros, “(Re)Bordering the Civic Imaginary”; DeChaine, “Bordering the Civic Imaginary”; Lyall, “Vigilante State”; Pantoja, Menjívar, and Magaña, “The Spring Marches of 2006.” 2. Anguiano and Chávez, “Dreamers’ Discourse”; Shahani and Greene, “Local Democracy on ICE”; Varsanyi, “Rescaling the ‘Alien.’” 3. I could cite examples of anxiety surrounding borders and immigration in news and entertainment media, in political debates about health care and the economy, and even in concerns about race, ethnicity, and “national culture.” See Chavez, The Latino Threat; Goldberg, The Threat of Race. 4. DeChaine, “Introduction,” 1. 5. See Brady, “Border”; Balibar, “At the Borders of Citizenship.” This distinction between the border as a place (as a physically real location) and a space (as a figurative and discursive locus) is drawn from Michel de Certeau’s distinction between space and place in The Practice of Everyday Life, 117–18. For a discussion of borders and citizenship as both spaces and places, see Córdova, “Nuestro Himno as Heterotopic Mimicry.” 166 | Notes to Pages 4–6 6. Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La Frontera, 3, vii. Perhaps more important, Anzaldúa advances a notion of borderlands as productive spaces of identity and agency that has heavily influenced a number of related theories discussed and deployed in this book, including the idea of “border thinking,” differential consciousness, and hybridity theory. I will return to this aspect of Anzaldúa’s theory in chapter 1. 7. Saldívar, Border Matters, xii. Saldívar’s book offers one of the definitive explorations of the physical and figurative border from a Chicana/o perspective. His analysis traces the border in a variety of discourses, including literature, film, music, and politics—as a contact zone where culture and power clash and where identity and agency are forged. See also Saldívar, “On the Bad Edge of La Frontera”; Saldívar, “Unsettling Race, Coloniality, and Caste”; Saldívar, Trans-Americanity. 8. Ono, “Borders That Travel,” 21. See also Aldama, “Millennial Anxieties.” 9. For a review of some of the many different trajectories of citizenship studies, see Bloemraad, Korteweg, and Yurdakul, “Citizenship and Immigration”; Klusmeyer, introduction ; Shafir, “Introduction.” 10. Social imaginaries, as Dilip Gaonkar summarizes, “are ways of understanding the social that become social entities themselves, mediating collective life.” Gaonkar, “Toward New Imaginaries,” 4. On social imaginaries see also Enck-Wanzer, “Decolonizing Imaginaries”; and Taylor, Modern Social Imaginaries. The now-classic formulation of this argument regarding citizenship and national identity as imaginaries is Anderson’s Imagined Communities, in which he traces the development of nationalism as the dominant way that we imagine political and cultural community. 11. Bloemraad, Korteweg, and Yurdakul, “Citizenship and Immigration,” 156. For an explanation of these overlapping and conflicting dimensions of citizenship, see Miller, Cultural Citizenship, chapter 2. 12. For two elaborations of this view, see Kymlicka, “Multicultural Citizenship”; and Rosaldo , “Cultural Citizenship.” 13. Castles and Davidson, Citizenship and Migration; Del Castillo, “Illegal Status and Social Citizenship”; William V. Flores and Benmayor, Latino Cultural Citizenship; Johnston, “The Emergence of Transnational Citizenship”; Aihwa Ong, Flexible Citizenship. 14. Bennett, Banning Queer Blood, 7. 15. Bosniak, The Citizen and the Alien, 1–2, 31. 16. On “alienization,” see DeChaine, “Bordering the Civic Imaginary.” 17. Beasley, You, the People, 5. 18. DeChaine, “Introduction,” 3. 19. Though I am referring here to rhetoric as a specific mode of discourse that is situated, public...
OR
