Caribbean Literary Discourse: Voice and Cultural Identity in the Anglophone Caribbean

Index

Index Tables are indicated with an added t. Page references containing “n” refer to notes; for example , “39n9” refers to note number 9 on page 39. Accompong, 98 Africa, gods of: Ananse, 27, 31, 36, 120; legba, 147–52; Pange, 32 Africa, languages of, 26–27, 31; rejection of, 88; Twi, 23, 25, 31, 161 Africa, nations of, 36, 98; racial and tribal memories, 148–50. See also Akan; Ashanti; Gullah Aiyejina, funso, 210–11, 236 Akan, 98, 114. See also Ashanti alienation, 17–18, 26, 30, 37, 133, 142. See also exile Allen, Carolyn, 54 Alleyne, mervyn, 162, 169, 173, 179, 185, 186 Allsopp, richard, 102 ambiguity: cross-cultural, 80, 192, 193, 194, 197, 198–201, 207; spatiotemporal, 191, 192, 193–98, 200–201 ambivalence, 50, 108, 215 amnesia, 19, 21–22, 25, 38. See also alienation Anancy (Ananse) stories, 27, 29, 31, 36, 115, 116–17; “bungo” talk in, 115, 118; new approaches to, 120, 236, 240; in 17th and 18th centuries, 29, 31 Ananse, 27, 31, 36; as “heaven’s doorkeeper” and “Uncle Time,” 120 ancestors: ceremonies of, 33, 154; funerary rites of, 36; as “old Parents,” 148; in Paule marshall, 143–55; as structural element in fiction, 85, 86 Angola, 25 Another Life (Walcott), 18, 25, 118 Arabic, 32–33 archetypes, 38, 82 The Arrivants (brathwaite), 6, 21 Ashanti, 36, 98 audience, 19, 23–24, 68, 78, 218; communicating with, 69–70, 74, 188–89; crosscultural , 69–70, 80, 99, 106–7, 227; defining , 75; expectations of, 77, 81–82, 83, 84, 89; language attitudes of, 76; metropolitan publishers and, 99 authenticity: of Creole discourse, 103, 107– 8, 239; of voice, 93–94, 238, 239 authority: of Creole, 101–3, 107–8; and standardization, 73 bacchanal aesthetics, 236–37 backanswer, 233, 239, 247 Banana Bottom (mcKay), 49–51 baptist Church, 35, 55, 152–53 barbados, 23, 39n9 barthes, roland, 73 baugh, edward, 62, 104–5, 129, 226 benítez-rojo, Antonio, 236 bennett, louise, 21, 24, 115, 157–58; attitude to language, 73, 158, 188, 189, 232; “ban Concert,” 185; “bans o’ Killing,” 160, 180; “bans o’ ooman,” 163, 166, 181–82, 186; “Candy seller,” 162–63, 168, 187–88; 268 / Index and code-switching, 162–63, 175–78, 186, 187–88; “Colonisation in reverse,” 51; “earthquake night,” 163, 166, 178, 179; and final consonantal clusters, 167–73; and final /h/, 183–84; “hess,” 163, 180, 187–88; “him Deh yah,” 185, 186; and initial /h/, 180–82; “I’ Wut I’,” 175, 187; “Jamaica Ant’em,” 178; Jamaica Labrish, 157, 160–90; “Jamaica Patois,” 186, 187– 88; language use, 6, 24, 37, 51–52, 93–94, 168, 179–80; “mass Wedding,” 168, 183– 84, 185, 186, 187–88; “mirricle,” 178–79, 183, 187–88; “monday Gawn,” 163; “noh lickle Twang,” 184; orthographic variations , 168, 179, 180–82, 183, 187; “overflow ,” 178, 179, 183, 184; as performer, 21, 51, 94, 157–59; “Perplex,” 169–73, 186, 187; “Po’ muffeena,” 181, 186; “registration,” 163, 166; “rice Gawn,” 168, 186; “rough riding Tram,” 184; /se/ use, 183–84; shifts toward standard english, 169– 73, 175, 179–80, 187, 188; “soap Vacation,” 163, 166, 184–85, 186; “south Parade Peddler,” 162–63, 175–78, 180–81, 183, 186, 187–88; -/st/# use, 168, 170–71t; “Uriah Preach,” 162–63, 166–67, 169–73, 175, 181, 187–88; and variation, 169–73, 178, 187– 88; “Wartime Grocery,” 169–73; “yuh nephew sue,” 163, 178, 186, 187–88. See also Creole (Jamaican) characteristics bible, 125–27; in church life, 36 bickerton, Derek, 56, 159, 162, 167, 179 bilingual discourse, 71, 84, 104, 158 boundary dissolution, 60–62, 236–37, 247; with dialects, 74, 93, 102 bra rabbit, 113–21 brathwaite, edward Kamau, 6, 7–8, 21, 129– 30, 211; “The Dust,” 122–30 brodber, erna, 7, 19 Brother Man (mais), 21 Brown Girl in the Ring (hopkinson), 233, 235, 239, 242, 244 Busha’s Mistress (Perkins), 48–49 butt-in, 233, 239 call-and-response songs, 26; in baptist ritual, 152 calypso, 19, 21, 74, 127 canonical discourse, 86; Caribbean, 59, 101, 107; in colonial setting, 136 Caribbean: African dimension, 7–8, 20–21, 151–52, 154; code-switching in, 7, 9, 69, 95, 206, 222; cultural complexity, 2, 20– 22, 211, 238–39, 242; in 18th century, 21– 22; Indian dimension, 5, 106; linguistic complexity, 6, 7, 71–72, 95, 229–30, 238; as linguistic void, 58–59; as separate space, 241; spirit world of, 235, 236–37, 242, 244, 247...