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In 1994 I examined the Caldwell County collections at the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) curatorial facility in Suitland, Maryland. The artifacts I observed are discussed in chapter 3. A de¤nitive analysis of the Happy Valley sites and artifacts will require an extensive review of all extant collection notes, a task I was unable to take on. If this were to be done, it might then be possible to determine whether the assumptions and discussion presented in chapter 3 are correct and whether more speci¤c proveniences for the artifacts can be determined. Those details notwithstanding , a brief overview of the artifacts demonstrates that the sites are likely late prehistoric or early historic Burke and/or Happy Valley phase sites. During my two-day visit to the NMNH, I examined every available storage tray and unit containing Caldwell County material. However, collections were in the process of being moved from the NMNH in Washington, D.C., to the new Suitland, Maryland, facility and I was told that it was possible some units were in transit. I made brief notes and photographed all vessels, shell gorgets, shell masks, metal artifacts, and spatulate celts that I found in the collection. I also photographed samples of potsherds, pipes, celts, and stone discoidals. The photographed artifacts appear in Plates 16 through 24 (chapter 3) and Plate 41 (this appendix) and are summarized below for each catalog provenience. The Nelson Mound Iron Implements A. Cat. #82892 (Plate 16, top), labeled “Iron Celt,” heavy, 12 cm long, base 1–1.4 cm, bit 4.8 cm, thickness is even at .4–.5 cm but tapers at bit end. This does not appear in the published illustrations nor do its measurements suggest that it is the second of the two celts described for the Triangle (Thomas 1894:337, ¤g. 211). B. Cat. #82874 (Plate 16, middle), labeled “rusty iron,” catalog describes three small pieces, but only one was present in box, length 9 cm, width Appendix F National Museum of Natural History Collections: Caldwell County, North Carolina 3 cm, thickness varies from .2–.4 cm, heavily rusted. This piece is likely a large portion of the blade from the Triangle illustrated as Figure 212 by Thomas (1894:337). (Note: Aside from the three specimens in Plate 16, I saw no other European trade items in the collection, though because of ongoing moving of collections it was not possible to see every box from Caldwell County. The catalog lists only one additional metal artifact from the Nelson Mound: an eyeless brass button.) Shell Gorgets C. Cat. #82853, 13.5 cm wide × 11.4 cm tall (Plate 17, a). D. Cat. #82854, 10.5 cm diameter (Plate 17, b). E. Cat. #82855, seems to be a variant of Citico style. F. Cat. #82856 (Plate 22, d). Chunkey Stones G. Total of eight, Cat. nos. 82955, 82958, 82959, 82960, 82961, 82964, 82968, 82970. Each of these is highly polished; raw materials are quartz, quartzite, and basalt. Spatulate Celts H. Cat. #82979 (Plate 18, right), 10.7 cm wide, 13.9 cm tall, base 5.3 cm wide × 6.3 cm tall. Described in NMNH catalog as “Stone hoe.” Ceramics I. Cat. #82978, straight-sided cup, scraped or simple stamped but has plaster reconstruction obscuring it, 15.9 cm tall, 23.5 cm wide at mouth, ®at bottom 10.2 cm. J. Miscellaneous potsherds, Cat. #82904: 1 small jar w/constricted neck, burnished exterior surface 1 small carinated vessel with two lines Burke Incised plus punctations just above shoulder K. Miscellaneous potsherds, Cat. #82894: 162 soapstone tempered, Burke 3 sand tempered, late 5 grit tempered, cord and fabric marked, probably Early Woodland 1 soapstone tempered, Pisgah collar L. Miscellaneous sherds, Cat. #82881: 316 / appendix f 23 soapstone-tempered Burke sherds (most plain and burnished; 4 Burke Incised) 7 grit/crushed-quartz tempered, cord and fabric marked, Early Woodland 4 sand tempered, late 1 soapstone tempered, Dan River net impressed, scraped interior There was one lot of ceramics listed in the catalog for the Nelson Mound that I apparently did not see. I examined a total of 208 potsherds. Of this total , 187 (89.9 percent) are Burke sherds, 7 (3.4 percent) are sand-tempered plain or burnished sherds that are probably Cowans Ford sherds, 2 (.9 percent ) are Pisgah and Dan River sherds, and 12 (5.8 percent) are grit- or quartz-tempered fabric- and cord-marked Woodland period sherds. Fort De¤ance, Lenoir Indian Burial Place Ceramic...

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