Index
Abey, Puerto Rico: salt marshes of, 212; salt mines of, 41. See also caciques (chiefs) of aboriginal, xv, 114, 161, 232, 234, 237, 238–43, 254 aborigines, 82, 215; Yucatán 237, Cueybá, 242 achira (Canna sp.). See gruya (Achira sp.) Acrocomia media. See corozo palm trees (Acrocomia media) adelantado, 219; definition of, 107, 217 adoratorios. See shrines adversario. See opponent affine, 30, 41, 104, 215, 251 Africa, xvi, 28, 33, 50, 59 African: black Creole, 243; icons, 238; idols, xvi; heritage, 233, 236; orichas (deities), 220; religion, 241; slaves, 33, 39, 220, 244 Afro-Cuban (Afro-Cubano), 233, 237–38 Afro-Caribbean, 242, 244 agency, 112; and sociality 113; as causality 47; of cemís 115; concentrated in the face, 154; human, xv; human-cemí, xiv; seminal, 133; social, 70; repositories of, 70 agriculture, 9, 134; montón system, 203 Agüeybana I (cacique, chief ), 38–39, 108, 138, 158, 199–202, 205–6 Agüeybana II (cacique, chief ), 39, 191, 206– 10, 214, 217 Agüeybana, Francisco de (cacique of Saona Island), 203 Aguilar, Marcos de, 214 ajes (Ipomoea batatas), 153 ají (chili peppers, Capsicum sp.), 150, 234 alaqueques (cornaline beads), 152 Alburquerque, Alfonso de, 102 alcalde, 201; alcalde mayor, 202 Alegría Pons, Francisco, xv Alegría, Ricardo, 23, 80, 89, 121, 126, 129, 188, 193, 198, 201–3 alienability, 82, 109–17, 249; as a category 112; gifts (can be given), 110; things, 44, 156; moveable 113; possessions, 108, 111, 122, 156; vs. inalienable wealth, 106, 250 Altagracia Province or district of Hispaniola, 128, 196. See also Higüey Alvarado, Pedro, 127 Álvarez Chanca, Dr. Diego, 6, 169 alzados. See runaway, itinerant groups (alzados) Amerindian, 48–49, 51, 53, 59, 238, 239, 241, 243 Ana River. See Manatí River, Puerto Rico Anacaona. See caciques, names of Anadel style or complex, 9, 18, 128, 142, 204 Anadenanthera peregrina (cohóbana tree), 13, 14. See also cohoba Añasco, region of Puerto Rico, 202, 206 Añasco, Luis de, 38 ancestors: apical, 146; bundles of 144; cemís, idols, 52, 82, 67, 112, 141–45, 147–48, 154, 207; cemíified 22, 52, 141; of chief/s or caciques, 81, 137, 143, 147; direct link to, 146; kept in, 144; physical presence of 145; personages, 22, 136; stone heads, skulls, 147, 154, 160, 250–51; veneration , 133, 143; worship, 106 ancestral: Cedrosan Saladoid source, 9–10; chiefs 108; community, 126; cult to the cemís, 235; culture, 8, 23; histories, 27; style 8; human skull, 126; line 18; semicircular villages, 22; sources, 48; territory , 144 Anciso. See Fernández de Enciso (or Ancisco ), Martín Anderson, David, 24, 79 Index 288 Index Anderson, Martha, 6, 28–29, 59 Anderson-Córdova, Karen, 192, 198–200, 206 Andrés (cacique of Higüey), 203–4 Angostura site, Puerto Rico, 11, 36 Anguilla Island, 26, 164–67, 205, 250 aniconic, definition 51, 65 animacy, 69, 86, 154 animal-like, 67, 125. See also zoomorphic Anse à la Gourde site, Guadeloupe, 167 anthropomorphic: beings, 69; cotton idols, 67; faces (guaízas) 152; figurines, 241; heads, 54, 172, 178–79, 182; idols, icons, 52, 96, 101, 136; pendants, 159, 182; personages, 14, 21, 125, 135–37, 139; three-pointed stones, 99, 136, 204; twin beings, 136; stone head portrait, 144 anthropo-zoomorphic cemís, 124 antiquity, 16, 87, 110, 251, 255 anti-syncretism, 171, 243, 253 anti-syncretic processes, 242 Arawakan language (family, stock, speakers), 6, 8, 17, 59, 163. See also Maipuran archaeology, 6, 45, 90, 160, 243; and identity , xvi, 69; Antillean, 6; in the Americas, 7; island archaeology, 46; of burials, 90; of the sea, 46; continental, 46 Archaic, 9–16. See also pre-Arawak; preceramic areítos, 103–4, 107–8, 114–16, 126–27, 209–15, 224, 243, 249 Arrom, José Juan, 62, 81, 134–35, 145, 148–49, 217, 219, 227, 234–38 arrows, 151–53, 210–11 arrowroot (yautía, Xanthosoma spp.), 15 Arroyo del Palo site, Cuba, 9, 17 Artiaga, Captain Luis de, 216 assignment (of Indians). See encomienda Atabey (cemí personage), 82. See also Attabeyra (cemí personage) Atajadizo site, Hispaniola, 18, 194 athebeane neque (principal wife), 110 Atiles, Gabriel, 128 Atrarto River, in Darién (PanamaColombia ), 221 Attabeyra (cemí personage), 227, 237–38 Aumatex. See caciques, names of Aymaco region of Puerto Rico, 211 Aymanio region of Puerto Rico, 208, 209, 221 Aymar i Ragolta, Jaume, 216 ayuntamiento (Spanish town council), 240 Badalona, Spain, 236 Bagua (cemí personage), 62, 75, 132, 237– 38. See...
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