Digital State: The Story of Minnesota's Computing Industry

Index

ABC computer. See Atanasoff-Berry computer Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), 99; ARPANET, 122, 137, 147, 261n42 Aiken, Howard, 23, 29, 266n9 air traffic control, 91–93, 257n52 Akerman, John, 140 Albrecht, Bob, 203 Allard, Raymond W., 119, 276 Alliant Techsystems, Inc., 135, 162. See also Honeywell Amdahl Corporation, 114 American Research and Development Corporation (Boston), 12, 108 American Society for Quality Control, 94 American Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, 151, 215, 224. See also Bell Telephone Laboratories American University, 23 Amundson, Neal, 69 Analysts International Corp., 228 ancillary industries, 16, 57, 191, 214, 220, 226–30; definition, 8. See also industrial district Andersen, Elmer (governor), 112 Anderson, Edward, 160 Anderson, Jack, 64 Anderson, Walter L., xi, 276 Antonelli, Kathleen McNulty Mauchly, 34 Apple Computer, 1, 8, 202, 216; Apple II, 209, 211, 215 Arbitron, 121, 134 Arctic Cat, Inc., 3 Aris, Rutherford, 69 Armed Forces Security Agency, 60. See also National Security Agency Army Security Agency, 38. See also National Security Agency ARPA. See Advanced Research Projects Agency ARTS. See Automated Radar Tracking System Atanasoff, John V., 32, 153, 155–59 Atanasoff-Berry computer, 32, 150, 157–59, 265n30 Atari, 210 atomic bomb, 9, 23, 28, 71. See also Manhattan Project Austin, Donald, 214 Automated Radar Tracking System (ARTS), 91–93. See also air traffic control Index 289 Babbage, Charles, 17, 49, 154. See also Charles Babbage Institute Baker, Eugene L., 260n27, 276 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 145–46 Bartik, Jean Jennings, 33, 34, 155 BASIC, 177, 204, 205, 209 Belau, Jane, 214 Bell, C. Gordon, 83 Bell, Gwen, 108 Bellanca–Northern Aircraft, 140 Bell Telephone Laboratories, 18, 35, 39, 149–52, 264n15; Nike missile system, 151; relay computers, 20, 150–53, 264n16 Benchmark Electronics, 222, 234 Bendix Corporation, 121 Bermo (Circle Pines, Minnesota), 224–25, 235 Berry, Clifford, 158. See also AtanasoffBerry computer “big blue.” See IBM BINAC (computer), 3, 36, 59, 150 Binger, James, 160, 161 Bletchley Park, 24, 25, 248n17. See also Colossus; cryptography; Enigma Bloom, H. F., 117 Blue Gene. See IBM Blue Gene Boeing Corporation, 76 Bolt, Beranek and Newman, 122 Bosch Group (Robert Bosch GmbH), 224 Boston, 6, 11, 12, 99, 117, 121, 211. See also Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Route 128 Boston Scientific Corporation, 222, 229 Bouza, Erica, 161 Bouza, Tony, 161 BRL. See U.S. Army: Ballistic Research Laboratory Brooks Brothers Lumber Storage, 45 Brown, Gordon R., 276 Brown and Bigelow (publishers), 77 Bruemmer, Bruce, x, 278 Brusentsov, Nikolai P., 54 Burgess, Guy, 61 Burks, Alice, 155, 156 Burks, Arthur, 155, 156 Burroughs Corporation, 153, 168, 190, 195, 213. See also Unisys Corporation Bush, Vannevar, 30, 50, 145, 158 business machine industry, 17, 76, 166–68, 193–98 Butz, Albert, 138, 141 Campaigne, Howard, 23, 55, 249n37, 276 Carey, Patrick, 183, 268n43 Cargill Inc., 2 Carleton College, 211 Carlson, Arne (governor), 213–14 Cedar Engineering. See Control Data Corporation Ceridian Corporation, 134, 211. See also Control Data Corporation Ceruzzi, Paul, 8, 255n31 Charles Babbage Institute, ix, x, 68, 154, 159, 226, 253n59 Chicago, Illinois, 45, 121, 138, 194, 200, 217 Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin, 123, 125, 225 C. H. Robinson Worldwide Inc., 228 Churchill, Winston, 18 Circle Pines (Anoka County), 224 clean rooms, 94, 96 cloud computing, 12, 117, 223, 229 Clover, H. Dick, 247n9, 247n10, 248n16, 249n36, 249n43, 250n10, 252n46 Cohen, Arnold A., x, 49, 54, 55, 60, 67, 276 Cold War, 10, 50, 61, 99, 100, 144, 219 Colossus (proto-computer), 25, 149, 150, 246n14 Columbia University, 131, 165 Communications Supplemental Activity– Washington (CSAW), 22–28, 38–41, 47, 49–54, 59–60. See also National Security Agency Communications Systems Inc. (Hector, Minnesota), 228 Compton, Karl, 108 Computer Assisted Mathematics Programming, 205 Computer Associates, 229, 235 Computer Boulevard (Bloomington), 112–13, 134 290 INDEX Computer Control Company, 145, 149. See also Honeywell computer industry, 1, 5, 7, 14–17, 45, 57, 72–76, 97, 114, 135, 137, 156, 169, 174, 180, 189, 191–98, 203, 213–20, 226–30; employment in Minnesota, 3, 12, 97, 132, 164, 194, 210, 221, 230, 233–43; first digital computers, 150 computer science, 15, 16, 28, 68–69, 79, 99, 145, 215. See also information theory computer services, 111, 116–21, 133, 223, 227–28 Computing Tabulating and Recording Company (C-T-R), 164–66; renamed IBM, 166 Comten Inc., 199, 223, 224, 235 Connecting Minnesota, 217 Control Data Corporation, ix, x, xi, 4, 5, 7, 10–16, 73, 82, 99–134, 163, 174, 180...