Police in the Hallways: Discipline in an Urban High School

Notes

. 187 . Notes Introduction 1. Brown, Derailed and Education on Lockdown. 2. Althusser, Lenin and Philosophy; Anyon, “Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work”; Apple, Ideology and Curriculum; Bourdieu and Passeron, Reproduction in Society, Education, and Culture; Bowles and Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America; and Willis, Learning to Labor. 3. Willis, Learning to Labor. 4. See for example, ibid.; Fine, Framing Dropouts; MacLeod, Ain’t No Makin’ It; and Valenzuela, Subtractive Schooling. 5. Marcus, Ethnography through Thick and Thin. 6. Piven and Cloward, Regulating the Poor. 7. Garland, Culture of Control. 8. Brown, Derailed and Education on Lockdown. 9. See A. Goffman, “On the Run.” 10. E. Goffman, Asylums. 1. How the Police Took Over School Discipline 1. Herbert, “Six-Year-Old under Arrest.” 2. Stallworth, “High School Security Guards Accused.” 3. Melago, “Cuffed Kid’s Family Sues.” 4. R. Campbell, “Throw the Book at Him.” 5. Saulny, “Twenty-Five Chicago Students Arrested.” 6. Holloway, “Mother Raises Concerns.” 7. Katz, The Irony of Early School Reform; Waller, The Sociology of Teaching; and Friedenberg, Coming of Age in America. 8. Katz, Irony of Early School Reform; and Rothman, The Discovery of the Asylum, 262. 9. Waller, Sociology of Teaching, 10. 10. Katz, Irony of Early School Reform. 188 NOTES TO CHAPTER 1 11. Garland, Punishment and Welfare and Punishment and Modern Society. 12. J. Anderson, The Education of Blacks in the South. 13. Sentencing Project, “Facts about Prisons and Prisoners.” 14. Western, Punishment and Inequality in America, xii. 15. Wilson, When Work Disappears. 16. Fiscal Policy Institute, New York City in the Great Recession. 17. Western, Punishment and Inequality in America. 18. Murray, Losing Ground. 19. Garland, The Culture of Control, 184. 20. Ibid. 21. Harcourt, Illusions of Order, 1. 22. McArdle and Erzen, Zero Tolerance. 23. Harcourt, Illusions of Order; Levitt, “Understanding Why Crime Fell”; and Western, Punishment and Inequality in America. 24. Zimring, American Youth Violence, 183. 25. Correctional Association of New York, “Juvenile Detention in New York City.” 26. DiIulio, How to Stop the Coming Crime Wave. 27. Noguera, “Reducing and Preventing Youth Violence.” 28. National Council on Crime and Delinquency, And Justice for Some. 29. Correctional Association of New York, “Juvenile Detention in New York City.” 30. Citizens Crime Commission of New York City, “NYC Juvenile Justice Statistics.” 31. Center for Constitutional Rights, Racial Disparity in NYPD Stops and Frisks. 32. Apple, Educating the “Right” Way, 42. 33. Ravitch, The Death and Life, 9. 34. Ibid., 20–21. 35. Ibid., 29. 36. Ibid., 93. 37. Sirin, “Socioeconomic Status and Academic Achievement.” 38. Biddle and Berliner, What Research Says about Unequal Funding. 39. Previti and Schill, The State of New York City’s Housing. 40. Drum Major Institute for Public Policy, A Look at the Impact Schools. 41. Skiba, Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence; and Casella, “Zero Tolerance Policies in Schools.” 42. Advancement Project, Test, Punish, and Push Out. 43. Noguera, “Preventing and Producing Youth Violence”; Brown, Derailed and Education on Lockdown; American Bar Association, ABA Zero Tolerance Report ; and Skiba and Peterson, “The Dark Side of Zero Tolerance.” NOTES TO CHAPTER 2 189 44. Skiba, Zero Tolerance, Zero Evidence. 45. Gregory, Skiba, and Noguera, “The Achievement Gap and the Discipline Gap.” 46. Brown, Derailed and Education on Lockdown; and Skiba, Michael, Nardo, and Peterson, The Color of Discipline. 47. Arum and Beattie, “High School Experiences”; Sweeten, “Who Will Graduate?”; and Hirschfield, “Another Way Out.” 48. Advancement Project, Test, Punish, and Push Out. 49. “Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Schools Chancellor Joel I. Klein Announce New School Safety Plan.” 50. See, respectively, Gendar, “Security Cams to Watch Horror Highs” and “Crackdown at Mayhem High”; and Campanile, “Thugs Run Wild in Troubled HS” and “Stop the Violence.” 51. Pleasing Mayor Bloomberg, the New York State Legislature in May 2010 voted to lift a cap on charter schools, more than doubling their number in the state in an effort to win federal grant monies under the new Obama-Duncan Race to the Top program. 52. Klonsky and Klonsky, Small Schools. 53. Hemphill and Nauer, The New Marketplace. 54. Ravitch, Death and Life. 55. Tuck, “Gate-ways and Get-aways.” 56. McNeil, Contradictions of School Reform; Lipman, “Making the Global City”; and Orfield and Kornhaber, Raising Standards or Raising Barriers? 2. Signs of the Times 1. E. Goffman, Asylums, cited in McCormick, “Aesthetic Safety Zones,” 181. 2. Later in the school year, Juarez moved to an office on the first...