Cape Town after Apartheid: Crime and Governance in the Divided City

Index

227 apartheid policies: emasculation of, 170–72; gang activity and, 91–122; holdover in postapartheid era of, 148–52; urban renewal and legacy of, 180–81, 189–95; youth marginalization and, 165–66 arms trafficking: gang involvement in, 171–72; police/gangster cooperation involving, 146–52 arrest and detention rates of youth, 63–65 Artz, Lillian, 140 Barnard, Niel, 151 Beer, Rod, 149 Benjamin, Archie, 1 Bester, Hennie, 102–4, 120 Bock, Derek, 84 Bond, Patrick, 27 Bonteheuwel Military Wing, 171 Boraine, Andrew, 83 Bratton, William, 68 Bray, Rachel, 73 broken windows policing: Cape Flats War and, 117–22; Cape Town Partnership project and, 68–69; urban renewal and, 56, 190–91 Brown, Llewellyn, 110 business development. See also economic conditions: Central Business District renewal and, 65–66; gang activity linked to, 97–101 Abrahams, Ishmael, 156 Accelerated and Shared Growth Strategy for South Africa (Asgisa), 30, 41 African National Congress (ANC): ANC-New National Party alliance, 82–83; Cape Flats Renewal Strategy and, 105; crime and economic development platform of, 26–27, 33–41; gang activity and, 90–91; Growth, Employment, And Redistribution (GEAR) plan and, 27–30; neoliberal ideology and, 191; police operations against, 150–51; in postapartheid era, 56–60; privatization initiatives of, 47–53; programs of, 6–7, 22; tourism development ideology of, 49–53; township violence linked to, 154; Umkhonto we Sizwe wing of, 58; urban renewal politics and, 42–44, 163–65; youth violence and power of, 58–60 age: crime levels and, 44–46 Americans (Cape Flats gang), 90, 100–101, 109–11, 133, 137, 175 ANC-New National Party alliance, 82–83, 159 anti-begging ordinances, 82 Anti-Eviction Campaign forums, 169–72, 188 Index 228 · Index Centre for Military Studies (University of Stellenbosch), 95 Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation, 58–59 Centre of Criminology, 21–22 Child Justice Bill, 62 children. See also street children: as social crime victims, 140–43, 152; underdevelopment of services for, 167–72; welfare grants for, phaseout of, 166 Chubb Armed Response, 77–78 civil society: urban security and governance and, 2–7, 13–18, 23–24 Clever Kids (gang), 121 closed circuit television (CCTV) systems: in Central Business District, 68, 138, 221n.34; neoliberal ideology and use of, 80–81; social crime prevention and, 138–43 Cohen, Stanley, 72 Cold War ideology: urban security consensus and, 10–13 Community Agency for Social Enquiry (CASE), 61 Community Improvement District (CID) model: social crime prevention and, 138–43; urban renewal and, 84–89, 190–91 community initiatives: in Cape Flats Renewal Strategy, 103–11; gang integration and, 177–79; hard policing and, 111–22; Listening Campaign and, 158–65; mistrust of police and, 143–52; township policing practices and, 123, 130–52, 155–79 Community Outreach Forum (Core), 113–22; gang activity and, 130–37 Community Policing Forums (CPFs), 105–7, 143 Cape Argus, 1, 74, 77, 109–11, 150, 156 Cape Electrified Fencing, 77–78 Cape Flats communities: coloured populations in, 20–21; containment strategies used against, 184–95; crime statistics for, 125–28; gang wars in, 1–2, 22–23, 71–72, 90–122; hard policing in, 111–22, 188–95; mistrust of police in, 143–52; underdevelopment in, 23–24; urban governance in, 2–7, 43–46, 181–95; youth projects in, 176–79 Cape Flats Renewal Strategy (CFRS), 22–23, 101–11, 120–21; CCTV installations and, 139; housing conflicts and, 159–65; lack of community input in, 158–59; mistrust of police and, 145–52; NURP overlap with, 163–65; policing practices under, 153, 193–95; Prevention of Organized Crime Act and, 132; social crime prevention and, 142–43; youth programs under, 105–11, 165–72 Cape Metro Council, 71 Cape Times, 66, 74, 76–78, 118, 150 Cape Town Executive Council (EXCO), 101–11 Cape Town International Airport, 44 Cape Town Partnership, 67–74, 76–77, 81–89, 183 Carew, Doug, 150 Cassiem, Ashraf, 157 Central Business District (CBD) of Cape Town: development of, 65–66; urban governance policies and, 80–89, 181–83, 190–95; youth marginalization in, 65–80, 126 Central City Improvement District (CCID) (Cape Town), 67–68, 80–89, 135, 210n.1 Index · 229 De Klerk, Eldred, 176 De Kock, Eugene, 150–51 democracy: policing and development of, 16–18 Democratic Alliance (DA) (Democratic Party), 42, 82–83; gang wars in Cape Flats and, 90; neoliberal ideology and, 191; policing policies under...