Militarized Currents: Toward a Decolonized Future in Asia and the Pacific

Index

327 Index Note: Page references in italics refer to illustrations. Aceh, insurgencies in, 310 activism: antinuclear, 23, 24–26, 318–20; Asian American, 116–17; by black soldiers, 112, 115, 123n55; Christian, 131; concerning militarized violence, xxiii; Japanese women’s, 116; Korean women’s, 125–26, 131–33, 136–37, 139; Māori, 124n72; by Okinawan women, xxii, 118, 297; of Pacific Island women, 23, 24, 27, 30n42; transpacific, 124n72. See also anticolonialism; chŏngsindae movement (CM, Korea); decolonization; kijich’on movement (South Korea) activism, Chamorro, 35, 52n9, 150–51; by soldiers, 147–48, 164–65, 167–68 activism, Filipino/a, 140; antibase, 83; military suppression of, 83 adoption, transnational: coercion in, 291; colonialism through, 293, 306n95; construction of subjectivity in, 296; consumer demand for, 293; control of women’s bodies in, 295; diaspora in, 293; effect of militarism on, 279–80; effect of North Korean threat on, 305n69; feminist approach to, 295–97; gendered processes of, 291, 306n95; in global economy, 291, 293, 296; globalized processes of, 294; kinship and, 294, 296; in modernization process, 291; in neocolonialism, 293; numbers of, 290–91; origins of, 290; politics of, 277, 292; population control through, 292; racialized labor of, 294; rescue narratives in, 292, 296; in South Korea, 279, 287, 290–91, 291–94; from Third World, 299n5; unbelonging in, 296; unidirectional, 289–95; as welfare system, 305n69; in Western empire building, 290 Afghanistan War, viii, 309; Japanese Self-Defense Forces in, xx; role of Diego Garcia in, 312 African Americans, urban revolts by, 110–11. See also soldiers, African American Agathangelou, Anna, 279 Aguon, Julian, xxiii–xxiv Aiuchi, Mako, 273n19 Akira, Arakawa: “The Colored Race,” 104–5, 111; “An Orphan’s Song,” 104 Alexander, George, 156 Amerasian Children’s Association, 288 328 · INDEX Amerasians: association with prostitution, 288; Filipino, 289; Okinawan, 109, 287; Vietnamese, 287, 289, 299n5. See also children, Amerasian Amerasians, South Korean, 277–98; as cultural contaminants, 295; derogatory terms for, 286; dropout rates of, 286–87; effect of militarism on, 278; employment problems of, 286; kijich’on women, 283; poverty of, 287; sex work for, 280; statelessness of, 285, 288, 296; stigmatization of, 277–78, 279, 285–86, 290, 307n99; view of United States, 277, 278 Ancho, Mr. (navy steward), 189–90 Andersen Air Force Base (Guam), 158 Angeles City (Philippines), red-light district of, 312 An Ilsun, 140 Anjŏngni (Korean camptown), 128 anticolonialism: Asian, 103; of chŏngsindae movement, 135; moral basis of, 135; narratives of, 72–73; in Pacific, xxi. See also decolonization antinuclear movements: in AsiaPacific region, 318–20; of South Pacific, 23, 24–26 antiwar movements, in Okinawa, 115–17, 116 ANZUS alliance, 318 ANZUS Treaty, 25 Apter, Emily, 22 area studies, “afterlife” of, xxxiii–xxxiv armed services, 195; desire for control in, 238–39; gender diversity in, xxviii; gender ratios in, 269, 270; gender segregation in, 256; homosexuality in, 168; indigenous peoples in, 156; institutional preservation of, xxvii; maintenance of discipline in, 239; postmodern forms of, xxvii–xxviii; racial diversity in, xxviii. See also Imperial Army, Japanese; Japanese Self-Defense Forces (SDF); soldiers armed services, American: allvolunteer , 269; citizenship and, 195; civilian accidents under, 106; gendered aspects of, xxxv, 93; Hawaiians in, 6–7, 8, 13; imagery of, 38–39; masculinity in, 159–60; Pacific Islanders in, 161; in Pacific Islands, 311; racial aspects of, xxxv, 93; sexual harassment in, 227–28; structures of domination, 163; women in, xxxix, 255, 258. See also soldiers, African American; soldiers, American; U.S. Navy armed services, NATO: women soldiers in, 269, 270 armed services, South Korean, 224; hierarchical character of, 226; living quarters of, 224, 247n7; male-on-male sexual violence in, xxxix, 223–46; masculinity in, 225, 229; psychological traits of, 248n17 Artero Sablan, Antonio, 166–67 Asagumo (newspaper), 275n49 Asia: confrontations with North America, 153–54; militarization in, vii; political geographies of, xv; remilitarization of, xxiv Asian Americans for Action (AAA), 116–17 Asia-Pacific region: alternative security system for, 318–20; antinuclear movements in, 318; Clinton administration policy on, 316–17; demilitarization for, 320; destabilization of, 318; INDEX · 329 geographical configuration of, xxxi; George W. Bush administration policy on, 317–18; militarization of, 311. See also Pacific Islands Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 318, 319; Regional Forum (ARF), 316 Atomic Energy Commission, 18 atrocities: under colonialism, xvii, xxxii, 101; Japanese, 217; U.S., 313 Australia, nuclear testing in, 16 Awa, Rey, 158 Bakery Auntie (kijich’on woman), 128...