Citizen, Invert, Queer: Lesbianism and War in Early Twentieth-Century Britain

Index

acquired homosexuality, 4, 6, 7, 9–11. See also situational inversion actresses, status of, 51, 224n31 Actress’s Franchise League (AFL), British, 51 Aestheticism: women of, 22, 220n58 Afghanistan: war in, 198 Aguilar–San Juan, Karin, 241n25 Alarcón, Norma, 216n7 Alberti, Johanna, 240n7 alienation: homosexuality as familial and national, 162, 163, 165; as symptom of homosexual identity in Allatini’s Despised and Rejected, 118 Allan, Maud, xx, 111, 112, 113, 128–43, 148, 152, 195; dancing career, 236n58; interpretation of Salomé, 136–37; libel trial rising from performance in Wilde’s Salomé, 111, 112, 113, 128–40 Allan/Billing trial. See Rex v. Pemberton Billing Allatini, Rose, xviii, xx, 111, 112, 115, 135, 141, 147, 216n18, 233n14–15, 233n20, 233n22, 234n31, 234n36. See also Despised and Rejected (Allatini) ambiguity, sexual, 159, 169–70 androgyny, 97, 171; of Orlando, utopian perfection of male and female in, 179; sexual inversion and increasing emphasis on, 98–100; Woolf’s imperial, 174–84 Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), 1; recruiting difficulties and fears of “racial degeneration” during, 76 animalism: sexual experience and, 86–87 Anna Lombard (Cross), 221n65 anthropology: Ellis’s Sexual Inversion framed within context of, 4–10 antisuffrage rhetoric, 31, 35–47, 223n27; absent or bad mother figure in, 40– 43, 46; absolute divisions between men and women posited, 37–38; “Appeal against Female Suffrage, An,” 35–37; British civilization at risk, 38–39; Corelli’s Woman, or— Suffragette, 38; decline of British Empire linked to rise of modernity and gender equality, 39–40; emergent possibility of same-sex erotics, 46–47; in popular press, 37; portrayal of suffragists, 37, 38, 40–47, 65; “positive” arguments of, 35; sexually bereft spinster in, 45. index 269 270 index See also suffrage; women’s suffrage debates “Appeal against Female Suffrage, An” (in Nineteenth Century monthly), 35–37 aristocracy: Allan/Billing trial and, 141; decadent upper-class representation of British masculinity, 113, 130, 145; empire as site of the past for, 70; Hall’s “gentleman invert,” 159–67; knowledge of “Lesbian vice,” Wedgewood’s criticism of, 145; Orlando’s escape from restrictions of, by cross-dressing, 181–82; upper class in Woolf’s Night and Day, 63– 64. See also class(es); House of Lords Aristophanes, 100, 230n73 art: artistic expression, sexual inversion and, 7; split between suffrage and aesthetic world of classical, 67 artistic expression: sexual inversion and, 7 Ashcroft, John, 205, 249n18 Asquith, Herbert, 114, 133, 141, 226n77 Asquith, Margot, 130, 133, 141 Austen, Jane, 61 Australia: sexual practices of British convict laborers in colonial, 218n27 Autobiography of Christopher Kirkland, The (Linton), 222 autoeroticism, 103, 104, 108 Backus, Margot Gayle, 160–61, 241n20 Baker, Michael, 189, 247n101 Balfour, Frances, 93, 230n58 Barash, Carol, 228n16 Bardashes, North American, 7 Barkan, Elazar, 8, 218n25 “Bastardy laws,” 103 Bastian, Adolf, 7 battlefront: women’s wartime lives on, 232n1 Beardsley, Aubrey, 15, 16, 219n38, 221n80 Beaverbrook, Lord, 236n53 Belgium: German atrocities in, 233n11 Bell, Heather, 218n26 Bell, Quentin, 189 Bennett, Arnold, 247n97 Benstock, Shari, 215n5 Berubé, Alan, 215n4 Beth Book, The (Grand), 21 Bhabha, Jacqueline, 243n47 Billing, Noel Pemberton, xx, 111, 129, 149, 236n53, 237n64–65; articles written in public battle with liberal establishment, 129–31; Black Book, 129–33, 140, 237n60; eclectic history of, 236n51; politics of, 129; Rex v. Pemberton Billing libel trial, 128–43, 148, 185, 187, 198, 235n46, 235n49, 237n67; theory of “the 47,000” claimed in speech in House of Commons, 236n55; Verbatim Report of libel trial, 235n49 bio-power, xvi, 78, 216n14 Birnstingl, Harry J., 88–90, 91, 100, 229n44–45, 230n72, 231n73 Biron, Chartres, 188, 246n96, 247n98 birth control, 73; Browne as advocate of, 102, 103, 104; neo-Malthusians vs. eugenicists on, 75–78; as selfishness, 77 birthrate, 58; drop in England, at turn of twentieth century, 75; women’s emancipation and, 83–85 bisexuality: bisexual as ambiguous term, 229n48; “Marah’s” tale of predatory, in Freewoman, 90–92 Black Book, 129–33, 140, 237n60 Blair, Sara, 226n72 index 271 Bland, Lucy, 30, 80, 101, 216n10, 221n82, 228n15, 228n21, 229n42, 230n60, 231n74, 235n49, 236n50 Bloch, Iwan, 137, 218n27 Bloomsbury, 153, 188, 226n72 Bodkin, Sir Archibald, 186 Boehmer, Elleke, 216n2 Bonheur, Rosa, 98 border wars, 199, 200, 207, 208 bourgeoisie: “civilized” gender differentiation of bourgeois British culture, 180; reproduction and citizenship for bourgeois women of 1890s, 22; respectable bourgeois sexuality projected by suffragists, 51–52; tension...