Silent Violence: Global Health, Malaria, and Child Survival in Tanzania

Index

289 Index Abuja Declaration (African Summit on Roll Back Malaria): Shocking malaria mortality figures, 14; access to affordable treatment, 237n27; See also Roll Back Malaria Program (WHO) ADDOs (Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets): subsidized ACTs, low-cost RDTs, 193; to upgrade, 197; channeling ACT and RDTs, 208–211; persistence of malaria, 214; TFDA 251n20; in Ruvuma region 256nn5, 7, 259n26. See also RDTs (Rapid Diagnostic Tests); Pharmaceutical Humanitarianism Adelson, Naomi, 135 African socialism, 53, 55, 57. See also Ujamaa; Nyerere, Julius Agency: as overestimated, 18; to ensure best treatment, 76; in symptom reporting, 84; and child survival, 107; devolving to dispensary staff, 113; and resilience, gender-power relations, 132–133; constraining of, 135–136; single mothers and decision making, 138; and structural violence, 219–220; to assert, 222; to constrain individuals , 234n9; and structure, 238n36; of female, 252n5 Alcoholism, 139, 152, 158 Allen, Denise, 240n7. See also Sukuma Alma-Ata Declaration, 22 AMFm (Affordable Medicines Facility for malaria): co-payments for, 192; access to ACT, development of drug resistance, 195; Roll Back Malaria Partnership , 255n2; critique of, 256n4. See also Global Fund for AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria Anopheles mosquito, 9, 233n4 Antimalarial drug resistance: and malaria prevention, 5; WHO and Global Malaria Eradication Program, 13; treatment delays and malaria related deaths, 165–166; malaria sugu, 186; development of, 188–189; and poverty, 202–203; shifting antimalarials treatment policy, 205; misuse and overuse of antimalarials, 207; RDTs and, 209; parasitologically confirmed malaria, 212; comparision with Kenya, 223; and persistence of malaria, 234n8; and deployment of ACT, 238n34; and crowding out monotherapies, 258n13. See also Artemesinin-based combination therapy Antimalarials policy, 200, 204–205 Appadurai, Arjun, 191 290 · Index Armelagos, George, 10 Artemisinine-based combination therapy (ACT): and pregnant women, 15; scaling up of, 24; optimizing malaria treatment, 77; and treatment seeking for childhood malaria,103; and dealing with childhood malaria, 145; and commonly used antimalarials in Tanzania, 165; subsidy for, 192; and traditional Chinese medicine. See also artemisinin monotherapy, 194, 200 Arusha Declaration of 1967: access to health, 53; principles of ujamaa, and self-reliance, 55–59; donors, 64, nationalization of, 66–68; original objectives of, 242nn4, 6, 7; and socialism , 243n9; Tanzania’s decision to become socialist, 244nn10; and traditional Chinese medicine,11. See also Ujamaa; Zanzibar Declaration Askew, Kelly, 21, 51, 54, 56–57,241n1, 243n9, 245n20 Attaran, Amir, 189, 193–194 Bagachwa, M.S.D, 56 Bamako Initiative, 246n1, 246n26. See also User fees Baregu, Mwesiga, 54–55, 63–64, 65–66, 243–244nn10,11,12, 245n17 Becker, Gaylene, 159 Beidelman, Thomas, 3–4, 159, 220, 233n3. See also Joking Relationships Biehl, Joao, 212–213, 231, 260n31 Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 15, 22, 208, 211, 237n30. See also Philanthrocapitalism Bishop, Matthew, 211 Bissell, William, 20, 21 Bloland, Peter, 166–167, 234n8, 254n4, 257n10 Blood test (for malaria): and presumptive diagnosis, 4; accuracy of diagnosis, 101; and anemia, 121; cost, 152; and prescription, 175; and dispensary staff, 182; and genuine medicine, 184; ACT, 186; free of cost 188 Bourdieu, Pierre, 87, 135, 238n36 Bouregeois, Philippe, 134 Bride price (mahari), 48–49, 149, 153 Briggs, Charles: reemerging infectious disease, 10–11; marginalized people, 20; human misery, 21; suffering, thick description of, 136; social suffering, 217; inequality and discrimination, 219; inequality and racism, 236n20 Brodwin, Paul, 90, 220 Brown, Peter, 13, 163, 189, 234n8 Bryceson, Deborah, 57, 59, 62, 64, 243n10 Burawoy, Michael, 12, 69, 242n3, 243n8 Castle, Sarah, 107, 126, 248n7 Cerebral malaria, 116, 234n11, 249n15 Chagga (ethnic group), 3, 34 Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Party of the Revolution), 40, 65, 242n6, 243n10, 244n10 Chandler, Clare, 209, 235–236nn15, 18, 238n34, 256n6 Chant, Silvia, 156, 157, 253n12 Chapman, Rachel, 11, 17, 20, 26, 136, 234n9, 236n23, 238nn35, 37 Child mortality (malaria-related), 125, 132, 234n8 Child survival: attention to context, 107; problem of, 113; literature, studies on, 125; fatalism, and child death, 127–128; childhood malaria and, 131; attention to, 133; alcoholism, domestic violence and, 139; structural violence, social suffering and, 145; single mothers , structural violence, social suffering and, 152; violence of everyday life and, 160; witchcraft and, 165; cost consideration and, 176; therapy management group and its role in, 25n18 Childhood malaria: experience of communities in Tanzania, 5–6; ethnographic study of, 9; ethnographic representation of, persistence of, cultural meanings of, 11; belief systems and practices related to, social context of, debilitating effects of, 22–25; treatment seeking for, 75–77; treatment for, Index · 291 87; episode of...