Food Systems in an Unequal World: Pesticides, Vegetables, and Agrarian Capitalism in Costa Rica

Index

Index acaricides. See under pesticides, modes of action of acetylcholinesterase inhibition, 247–9. See also carbamates; pesticides, chemical classes of agricultural activities: clearing, 85, 90; harvesting, 13, 19, 39, 43, 48, 54, 56–57, 82, 88, 99, 100–101, 108, 112, 114, 134, 139, 141–44, 154, 160, 163–64, 179, 188–90, 199–203, 222–23, 242n3, 249; planting, 55–57, 59, 67, 83, 90, 102, 133, 154, 162, 219; spraying. See also under pesticide activities agricultural census: of Costa Rica, 95–99, 102, 221, 239n2, 242n2 agrochemical input manufacturers and retailers, 24, 59–60, 62, 86, 118, 211, 219, 227, 239n4, 239n5, 240n5 agroecology. See under alternative agriculture agroexports: new agroexports, 10, 13–16, 19, 32–34, 37–38, 48, 113, 117, 119, 125, 147–53, 156, 172–74, 207–10, 226, 243; traditional agroexports, 10, 13. See also bananas; coffee; sugarcane aldicarb. See under pesticides, active ingredients of alternative agriculture: agroecology, 4, 9, 38, 84, 89, 105, 118, 125, 210, 213, 217; inputs of, 3, 133, 186, 192, 194– 95, 199, 204–5; organic agriculture, 58, 65, 80, 114–15, 119, 125, 136, 164, 205, 212, 217, 220; mentioned, 10, 65, 119, 174, 206, 216 avermectin. See under pesticides, active ingredients of Bacillus thuringiensis. See under pesticides, active ingredients of bacteriacides. See under pesticides, modes of action of bad actor pesticides, 93, 96–97, 235, 247 bananas, 5, 10, 12, 14, 16, 83, 90–91, 98, 123–24, 213, 242 beans (dried), 83, 90, 95, 98, 106, 224 BHC (lindane). See under pesticides, active ingredients of biopesticides. See under pesticides, chemical origin of Blue Seal, 182–83, 191–92 broccoli, 9, 10, 12, 14, 17, 33, 45–7, 189, 205, 224 cabbage, 9, 12, 14, 17, 45–47, 79, 88, 96, 100, 104–5, 174, 177–80, 189–90, 205, 217, 224, 240 California, 5, 8–9, 23, 175–76, 193, 238n11, 243n4, 247 cancer. See under pesticides, health impacts of capitalism: agrarian capitalism, 4, 10, 19, 37, 41, 58–72, 84–87, 110–19, 207–10, 218; capital accumulation, 35, 43, 60, 65, 68–70, 85–86, 145–48, 157, 207, 239n4; Index 285 off-farm capital,59–60, 62–63, 66, 69–70, 85–86, 92, 107, 110, 116, 118, 121, 125, 146–50, 155, 207, 239n4, 240n5; on-farm capital, 62, 68, 86, 207, 239n4; second contradiction of, 62–66, 116, 211, 241n6; mentioned, 4, 29, 63. See also contract farming; export firms; simple commodity producers; socioeconomic differentiation, in agriculture carbamates. See under pesticides, chemical classes of carrot, 8, 9, 12, 14, 17, 34, 45–48, 79, 96, 100, 104–5, 114–15, 174, 217, 224 cauliflower, 9, 12, 14, 17, 45–47, 96, 104, 178, 205, 217, 224 Central American–Dominican Republic– United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR), 117, 243n10 Centro Internacional de la Papa, 55 chayote, 12, 17, 40, 45–49, 90, 95–97, 104–5, 110–15, 121, 126, 128, 130, 137–46, 149, 156–58, 160–64, 167, 171, 187–88, 192–202, 204, 221–22, 224, 230, 239, 242, 244 cloud belt, 37, 49–52, 56–57, 67–68, 72–83, 85, 87, 118, 204, 212, 241n6 coffee, 5, 10–14, 29, 41, 90–91, 95–96, 98, 111, 132, 136, 190 Consejo Nacional de Producción of Costa Rica, 106 consumers, 9, 12, 14, 16, 21, 25–29, 33–34, 117, 122, 124, 134, 154, 157, 166, 172, 178–82, 185, 188, 201–4, 209, 212–13, 215–16, 223, 243n3, 244n12. See also food consumption; pesticides, health impacts of contract farming, 18, 31, 35–36, 38, 41, 62, 69, 114, 120–21, 124, 126, 131–33, 136–37, 140, 146–57, 159–60, 168, 171, 181, 183, 220, 227, 240n1, 242n8 corn, 9, 11–12, 23, 45, 47, 62, 83, 90–92, 95–99, 104, 106, 114, 175, 189, 215–16, 224, 241 cosmetic standards for produce: in developing countries, 175–76; in industrialized countries, 59, 124, 156, 191; and increasing pesticide use, 32, 59, 156–57, 175–76; mentioned, 30, 201, 220 Costa Rica, government of. See Consejo Nacional de Producción; Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje Unidad Tecnológica en Agricultura Orgánica; Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería; Ministerio de Salud; Programa Regional Cooperativo de Papa credit, 35, 41, 44–45, 59, 78, 85, 92, 103, 133, 183, 226. See also capital crops. See individual crops cypermethrin. See under pesticides, active ingredients of dairy production, 13, 41–42, 44, 90–92, 96–98, 24...