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367 Index Aboriginal and Torres Straits Islanders, 89. See also Adnyamathanha community; Yolngu adaptive management, 76, 148 Adnyamathanha community, 94. See also Nantawarrina IPA advisory boards, and Canadian wildlife, 141–42, 146–47; Canadian protected area, 143 African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: and Endorois decision, 292, 309n3; and identifying Indigenous peoples, 17; and new paradigm implementation, 288 Alaska, protected areas, 4, 34, 45n35, 78, 109, 110f, 112–13, 118, 129n1. See also individual protected areas Alcaldes Auxiliares, 246, 248–49 Alcaldes Comunales de los 48 Cantones (Communal Mayors of the 48 Towns; AC48), 248–49, 252–58, 254f; relations with UCJ, 249, 253–54 Alcorn, Janis, 11n3, 267 Alfred, Taiaiake, 168–69 Allen, John, 178–79 Amazon: conservation by Indigenous peoples in Brazil, 25; national integration and territorialization in Peru, 151; protected areas in Peru, 151; resource region in Peru, 150–51 Amarakaeri Communal Reserve: petroleum exploration in, 159–60; shared governance issues, 160; state territorialization, 160 Anaya, James, 45n35, 264–66 Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 4, 11n4. See also Gwitch’in; Inupiat Ashaninka, 152, 170n10; and antianti -politics, 167; awareness of Ashaninka Communal Reserve, 152, 162; as “masters of the universe,” 151, 167; hunting 163; identity and territory, 161–63; practices of selfdetermination , 164–67; sovereignty, 151, 167–69 Ashaninka Communal Reserve, 152, 153f, 162f; Ashaninka counter narratives of, 161–64; Ashaninka park guards, 157–59, 166; Ashaninka self-determination, 164–67; Ashaninka sovereignty, 168–69; as Ashaninka territory and place, 163–65; contention over, 157, 164–65; federations and governance of, 157– 59, 165, 167; governmentalizing of, 157–60; shared governance of, 157– 59, 165, 168–69; state imaginaries of, 151, 154–55; state territorialization of, 151, 156, 164–65 Atlantic Biological Corridor, 173, 185– 94; and colonists, 191; and decisionmaking , 187–88, 190–91, 194; donors of, 186, 190–92; and Indigenous peoples, 186, 188–89; land tenure issues, 190–92; projects, 188–90, 189t, 191–92; and rights, 190, 192. See also biological corridors; Mesoamerican Biological Corridor 368 • Index atlas of eternity. See historia Australia: overlap of protected areas and Indigenous peoples’ territories in, 34–35; shared governance of protected areas in, 77. See also IPAs Awas Tingni decision, 193 Badlands National Park: hunting in, 45n35; and proposed tribal national park, 45n35; shared governance of, 78 Berkes, Fikret, 42n22, 88, 302, 303, 304 beyul (hidden valley), 269, 269f, 270–71, 281n11 biocultural diversity: concept of, 22; ICCAs and, 71, 296s; Indigenous peoples and, 22–26; new paradigm and, 283, 303, 305, 306, 308 biodiversity: association with Indigenous peoples, 3, 16, 22–26, 102, 104, 274, 308, 311n17; conceptions of, 11n2, 43n24, 87, 89; geography of, 22–23, 42nn18–19; and ICCAs, 70, 71; and new paradigm, 7, 8, 10, 11n2, 26, 53, 60, 62t, 65, 102,104, 172, 308, 311n17; and old paradigm, 36, 48, 62t; and protected areas, 3, 11n2, 38, 43n24, 43n27, 62t, 87, 133, 305 biological corridors, 43n26, 177–79; national corridors, 184–85; and neoliberalism, 172–80, 194–95; and new paradigm, 172; and regional development planning, 173, 175; top-down planning of, 172, 178, 194. See also Atlantic Biological Corridor; Mesoamerican Biological Corridor biosphere reserves: as inhabited protected areas, 197, 200; and protection of cultural diversity and cultural landscapes, 197, 213n2 Bolivia, overlap of protected areas and Indigenous peoples’ territories, 34 Bon, 271, 281n10 Borrini-Feyerabend, Grazia, 32s, 67, 71, 76, 81nn8–9, 277 Bosawás Biosphere Reserve, 25, 187; colonists, 187; extension into Corazón Transboundary Biosphere Reserve, 192; Indigenous peoples in, 187; land titling, 187; and restitution, 292 Buddhism, and conservation, 270–71, 274, 281n10 buffer zones, 34, 64, 72; Ashaninka Communal Reserve, 153f; and biological corridors, 180, 182f, 184, 187, 194; Kruger National Park, 222–24, 249; Los Altos de San Miguel Regional Municipal Park, 249; in Nepal, 263, 267, 279, 281n2, 281nn5– 6; Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, 198; Sagarmatha National Park, 75f, 268, 269f, 271f, 273, 282nn13–15 Burhenne, Françoise, 81n7, 290 Cadastral and Land Regularization Project. See El Proyecto de Catastro y Regularización CAFTA. See Central American Free Trade Agreement Calmegane, Ida, 121 Canada: colonialism in northern, 135–36, 144–45, 148; conservation paradigm shift in, 141–42; critiques of protected area policies in, 143–48; devolution, 148; displacement from protected areas, 134, 139, 142; early protected area history, 137; Fourth World conditions, 134–35; harvesting in national parks in, 142–44, 149n2; legislative change and national parks, 142; national park reserves, 142; northern national parks, 142–43, 149n2; overlap...

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