Death and Dying in Colonial Spanish America

Index

269 Index Abascal y Sousa, José Fernando de, 177, 178 abjuration, 131, 136, 137 abortion, 56, 60, 62, 72 Acatentehua, lord of OcotelulcoTlaxcala , 28–30, 52 Achim, Miruna, 18, 19, 20, 32, 157, 171 Actas de Cabildo, 167 Acxotecatl, 41, 42 agency: and indigenous people, 229n1; during Inquisition trials, 128; and resistance, 74, 75, 76; and social groups, 56; through suicide, 75, 76 Aguilar, Gerónimo de, 37 Aguirre, Pablo de, 166 Alemán, Mateo, 18, 19, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 89–90, 91, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 219–220n2 Alfonso X, King of Castile and León, 57 Ángeles, Jacinto de los, 145, 147, 148 angelic sacrifices, 142–159, 166–167, 168, 169 angelitos, 21, 167, 168, 169, 248n97, 248n100 angels: vs. demons, 244n40; food for, 143, 146; vs. humans, 167; and indigenous religious practices, 152–153; as mediators, 168, 169; role of, 143; and sacrifice, 153, 154, 155; sacrifice of, 155, 157 Annals of Tecamachalco, 33, 38 Anunciación, Francisca de la, 65, 66 Anunciación, Juan de la, 40 apostasy, 56, 57, 64, 65, 66, 67 Aranda, Damian de, 65, 66 Aranda, Diego de, 66 Aranzeaga, Juan de, 163 Arias, Domingo, 150 Ariès, Philippe, 2, 3 Arriaga, Pablo José de, 162 ars moriendi, 4, 6, 109, 110 Así en la tierra como en el cielo (Roselló Soberón), 7 Augustine, Saint, 56–57 autillo, 124 auto de fe, 69, 70, 121–141; as act of faith, 123–128; ceremony and events, 135; events on day of, 131–136; frequency of, 122; preparations for, 128–131; seating arrangements, 130–131; sentences and punishments on, 136–140 Auto de la Fe Celebrado en Lima a 23 de enero de 1639 (Montesinos), 20, 127 auto general de fe, 124 auto particular de fe, 124 autopsies, 19, 79, 81, 90, 97 autopsy of Garcia Guerra: description of, 79–82; resignification through, 92–98; social unrest and interpretation of, 83–92; varieties of views from, 98–99 270 index auto singular de fe, 124 Avilés, don Pedro, 175 Ayala, José Mariano de, 58, 59 Azevedo, Juan de, 137 bad death, 137, 141 Balderama, Nicolás de, 74 Balderrama, Ildefonso de, 167 Balsalobre, Gonzalo, 151 Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Asturias, 19, 98, 100, 102, 106, 108, 115 Baroque Times in Old Mexico (Leonard), 78 Barrios, Pedro, 48 Bautista, Juan, 145, 147, 148 Bautista Perez, Manuel, 137, 138 Bazarte Martínez, Alicia, 12 Becker, Ernest, 2 Berlin, Ira, 4 Betanzos, Juan de, 161 Bethencourt, Francisco, 124, 129, 130, 135, 136, 234n51, 234–235n55 biblical passages, 95, 165 black cloths, 103, 104, 110, 115, 116, 117, 180–181, 193 Black Legend, 121, 229n1 blacks: cofradías, 12, 87, 118, 182; distribution among, 91; distrust of, 128–130, 221n4; funerals, 187; public execution, 85, 86, 87–88, 91; rebellion activities, 79, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 221n16 Blacks of the Rosary: Memory and History in Minas Gerais, Brazil (Kiddy), 13 blood of Christ, 92, 93, 95, 106, 109, 143 blood shedding and sacrifice, 31, 37, 92, 146, 148, 150, 156, 159–160 The Body in Pain (Scarry), 93 Book of Guardians and Governors of Quauhtinchan, 33, 38, 39 Borromeo, Saint Charles, 109 bozales, 129, 183, 184, 233n40 Bristol, Joan Cameron, 12 burial dress, 24, 45, 46, 180, 194, 195, 251n26 burial practices, 9, 29–31, 46, 80, 166, 167, 172, 177, 183. See also church burial burial reforms, 22, 23, 64, 67, 170–171, 182, 187, 192, 193, 200, 250n21 burial registers, 11, 25, 166, 167 burials, sacred vs. profane, 53–54, 64–66 Burkhart, Louise, 13, 44, 61 burning at the stake, 20, 21, 70, 132, 137, 140 burning in effigy, 137, 139 cadavers: burial of, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198; in churches, 173, 174, 176, 178, 189, 196; medical use of, 4, 24–25, 91, 98; of minorities, 4; religious symbolism of, 108, 110, 114, 116; rites with, 183, 184, 186, 216n29 Calancha, Antonio de, 156 Calbo, Domingo de, 166 capacochas, 21, 160, 161, 162, 163, 169, 246n62 capellanías, 5 Carhua, Tanta, 161, 169 Castillanxochitl, Juana, 46 Catholic Church: angels’ role in, 153, 154, 155, 157; approaches and teachings about death, 45, 46, 49; death practices, 40, 43, 44, 185, 186, 187; death preparation under, 7; dismemberment , 97; dying outside faith of, 13; dying within faith of, 6; on selfinflicted death, 18, 55, 56, 70. See also church burial; Inquisition cemetery practices, 10, 22–23, 170, 173–180, 190, 191, 193, 196, 198...