In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

v CONTENTS Foreword vii Acknowledgments xi 1 An Economic Future Imperiled 1 2 Human Capital and Economic Prosperity 17 3 A Global View of U.S. Student Proficiency Rates 33 4 U.S. Advanced Performance in Global Perspective 47 5 Economic Benefits of Higher Performance 57 6 A Global View of Growth in U.S. Achievement 69 7 Substantive Concerns and Political Obstacles 85 Appendixes A Methodology for Comparing U.S. and International Performance 105 B Two Measures of Reading Proficiency 117 Notes 121 References 133 Index 141 13291-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 5 6/6/13 10:36 AM vi CONTENTS Figures and Table Figure 1-1. The United States in International Perspective: Proficient Students in Math, Class of 2011 11 Figure 2-1. What Skills Mean: Test Scores and Long-Run Economic Growth, 1960–2009 24 Figure 2-2. Years of Schooling and Long-Run Economic Growth after Adjustment for Test Scores, 1960–2009 25 Figure 2-3. What Skills Mean: Changes in Test Scores and Changes in Annual Growth Rates 30 Figure 3-1. U.S. States in International Perspective: Proficient Students in Math, Class of 2011 40 Figure 3-2. Who Achieves: Proficient Students by Race and Ethnicity and by Parental Education, Class of 2011 41 Figure 4-1. U.S. States in International Perspective: Advanced Students in Math, Class of 2011 50 Figure 4-2. Who Achieves: Advanced Students by Race and Ethnicity and by Parental Education, Class of 2011 52 Figure 4-3. Who Achieves: Advanced Students and Below Basic Students, Eighth-Grade Math, 1996–2011 54 Figure 5-1. What Skills Mean: Projections of Test Improvement on U.S. GDP per Capita, 2013–93 61 Figure 6-1. The United States in International Perspective: Changes in Student Achievement, 1995–2009 74 Figure 6-2. U.S. States: Changes in Student Achievement, 1992–2011 76 Figure 6-3. Who Achieves: Improvements at the Basic and at the Proficient Levels, Eighth-Grade Math, 1992–2011 78 Figure 7-1. Relationship between Spending Increases and State Test Score Gains, 1992–2011 97 Figure 7-2. Public and Teacher Support for Selected School Reforms, 2011 100 Table A-1. Country Codes 115 13291-00_FM_3rdPgs.indd 6 6/6/13 10:36 AM ...

Share