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vii Illustrations 1. Shlomo Frenkel (Shafir), 1946 | 6 2. IBZ group portrait, 1943 | 7 3. Nitzotz issues, 1947 | 8 4. David Wolpe, ca. 1950 | 9 5. Kovno ghetto, ca. 1942 | 25 6. Elkhanan Elkes, ghetto period | 27 7. Clandestine school in Kovno ghetto, ca. 1942 | 29 8. Azriel Levi, 2000 | 30 9. Member of Eshel, ca. 1943 | 32 10. Yitzhak Shapira, 1938 | 33 11. Deportation action in Kovno ghetto, 1943 | 34 12. Yehoshua (Ika) Grinberg, prewar | 35 13. Maapilim group portrait, 1943 | 36 14. Mina Kaminski (Shafir), 1946 | 37 15. Kaufering at liberation, 1945 | 39 16. Kaufering barracks, 1945 | 40 17. Abraham Melamed, 1940 | 41 18. Chaim (Rosenberg) Rosen, date unknown | 41 19. Abraham Melamed and Shlomo (Frenkel) Shafir, 1990 | 42 20. Mendel Sadovski (Menachem Ganoni), prewar | 44 21. Chaim Alexandrovitz, ca. 1948 | 46 22. Chaim Nachman Shapira, prewar | 57 23. Leib Garfunkel, prewar | 66 24. Chana Silberzweig, 1956 | 70 25. Displaced persons attending demonstration, 1945 | 79 viii . Illustrations 26. Cultural conference, 1947 | 80 27. Samuel Gringauz, 1946 | 81 28. Central Committee of the United Zionist Organization, 1946 | 81 29. Emblem of the She’erit Hapletah, 1948 | 82 30. Shlomo (Frenkel) Shafir, 1990 | 83 31. Mina (Kaminski) Shafir and Shlomo (Frenkel) Shafir, ca. 1998 | 84 32. Nitzotz 3 (38), Chanukah 1944 | 90 33. Nitzotz 4 (39), Tu Bishvat 1945 | 103 34. Nitzotz 5 (40), Purim 1945 | 118 35. Nitzotz 6 (41), Erev Pesach 1945 | 138 36. Nitzotz 7 (42), April 25, 1945 | 146 ...

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