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xiii A Note on the Text Employing a transliteration system in a bulky book where some thirteen scholars use more than half a dozen languages to analyze ancient, medieval, and modern treaties proved a formidable task. It soon became clear that adopting a rigid transliteration system can be problematical . Hence it was decided that while we employed—as a heuristic device—the transliteration system laid out by the Library of Congress, certain exceptions had to be made for the sake of accuracy, accessibility, or deference to the respective authors’ preferred spelling of names. All the diacritical marks for Persian and Arabic terms were dispensed with—with the exception of ayn and hamza, which are dropped only at the initial position. However, the full range of diacritics was retained for Turkish names and terms. Anglicized words that appear in the English dictionary (such as A’isha, Ali, Arab, ibn, Umar, and Uthman) have been granted preference where appropriate. Familiar geographical names have been provided in their common spelling. We aimed to have one style convention for punctuation, spelling, capitalization, hyphenation, italicization, numbers, and abbreviations. In the body of the texts and the notes we have dropped the equivalent Hijrah dates for the sources cited and have only provided the Christian Era dates. Finally, all translations from non-English sources are those of the respective authors unless otherwise indicated. ...

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