My Los Angeles in Black and (Almost) White

Notes

209 Notes 1. Photograph 1. William Faulkner, Requiem For a Nun, act 1, scene 3 (New York: Random House, 1950), 92. 2. Valley Boy 1. Robert Scheer, “The Jews of Los Angeles: Pursuing the American Dream,” Los Angeles Times, Jan. 29, 1978, A3, A22. 2. Raphael J. Sonenshein, “The Los Angeles Jewish Community: An Examination of Its History of Activism for Human Rights,” http://www.csus.edu/calst/government_affairs/ reports/ffp34.pdf, 9. 3. Deborah Dash Moore, To the Golden Cities: Pursuing the American Jewish Dream in Miami and L.A. (New York: Free Press, 1994), 87. 4. See Josh Getlin, “Jewish coach, black players forged lasting bond,” Los Angeles Times, Dec. 12, 2008, A1. 5. Moore, 42. 6. Robert Scheer, “L.A. Jews: New Set of Values for the Middle Class,” Los Angeles Times, Jan. 31, 1978, B3. 7. Moore, To the Golden Cities, 265. 8. Karen Brodkin, How Jews Became White Folks and What That Says About Race in America (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press, 1998), 26. 9. See Eric L. Goldstein, The Price of Whiteness: Jews, Race, and American Identity (Princeton , N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 2006), 3. Goldstein examines with great rigor the “uneasy relationship to whiteness” that has characterized Jewish negotiations with their racial identity in America. 10. Joel Kotkin and Erika Ozuna, “The Changing Face of the San Fernando Valley,” http://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/davenport-institute/reports/changing-face/, 1. 11. Kevin Roderick, The San Fernando Valley: America’s Suburb (Los Angeles: Los Angeles Times Books, 2002), 139. 210 • Notes to Pages 13–31 12. Ibid., 146. 13. Ibid., 148. 14. Ibid. 15. Ibid., 188. 16. Philip J. Ethington, “Segregated Diversity: Race-Ethnicity, Space, and Political Fragmentation in Los Angeles County, 1940–1994,” http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~philipje/ Segregation/Haynes_Reports/FINAL_REPORT_20000719g.pdf. 3. Integration Efforts and Agonies 1. See Charles Ogletree, All Deliberate Speed (New York: Norton, 2004). Ogletree, a professor at the Harvard Law School, offers a thorough and compelling exegesis of the Brown v. Board of Education decision and its complex legacy. His detailed account of the resistance to school desegregation efforts in Boston during the 1970s in chapter 4, “Brown’s Failure: Resistance in Boston,” affirms that resistance to Brown was not confined to the Jim Crow South but was widespread. My own detailed account of the fierce and protracted social, political, and judicial resistance to school desegregation efforts in Los Angeles might be seen, in part, as a humble complement to Ogletree’s chapter. 2. Jack Birkinshaw, “Pasadena Nears Crossroads on Integration of Schools,” Los Angeles Times, June 18, 1967, B1. 3. David S. Ettinger, “The Quest to Desegregate Los Angeles Schools,” Los Angeles Lawyer , Mar. 2003, 55. 4. Jackson v. Pasadena City School District, 59 Cal.2d 876, 878 (1963). 5. Ibid., 878. 6. Ibid., 880. 7. Ibid., 881. 8. Ibid., 881–82. 9. Lee Austin, “Board of Education Faces Suit No Matter Which Way It Moves,” Los Angeles Times, June 18, 1967, B10. 10. Jackson, 882. Despite the overarching integrationist fervor of the Brown decision, its equivocal “all deliberate speed” clause offered, perhaps, an enabling precedent for the equivocal language here in Jackson. 11. Ibid., 882. 12. Ibid. 13. Birkinshaw, “Pasadena,” B10. 14. Ibid. 15. Crawford v. Board of Education of the City of Los Angeles, 17 Cal. 3d 280, 287 (1976). 16. Ibid., 288. 17. Ibid., 289. 18. Ettinger, “Quest to Desegregate,” 57. 19. Jackson, 881–82. Notes to Pages 31–43 • 211 20. Crawford, 288. 21. Ibid., 288–89. 22. Ettinger, “Quest to Desegregate,” 57. 23. “Integration in Los Angeles,” Los Angeles Times, Feb. 15, 1970, F5. 24. William Endicott, “Judge Named as Death Plot Target,” Los Angeles Times, Apr. 30, 1970, A1. 25. William Endicott, “Gitelson Blames Racists for Defeat,” Los Angeles Times, Nov. 5, 1970, A32. 26. Ibid., A1. 27. Gerald Faris, “‘Busing Judge’ Looks for Meaningful Action,” Los Angeles Times, June 30, 1972, D12. 28. Ibid. 29. Ibid. 30. Jackson, 881–82. 31. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U.S. 1 (1971). 32. Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver, Colorado, 413 U.S. 189 (1973). 33. Crawford, 285. 34. Ibid., 284. 35. Ibid., 290. 36. Ibid., 301. 37. Ibid. 38. Ibid., 310. 39. Ettinger, “Quest to Desegregate,” 58. 40. Crawford, 286. 41. Ibid. 42. Ettinger, “Quest to Desegregate,” 60. 43. Jack McCurdy, “L.A. Busing Starts Today: Leaders Urge Compliance,” Los Angeles Times, Sept...