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Index 351 Able-bodied. See Disability Access, 22, 24, 31 Accidents and injury, 28; to eyes, 147–149, 163; from war 119–122, 282–283 Acheson, Dean, 52 Acrylics. See Materials Adaptive workplace, 267–268, 271 Adjustment, social: during WWI Germany , 84; in post-WWII America, 49, 60, 64 Advertising, 186, 217, 221–222; for limbs, 128–130, 282–283, 290, 292 Aesthetics: and the body, 21, 28–29, 31; and capitalism, 24, 172; and class, 6; of early 20th century photography, 266; of post-WWII design, 20, 25, 68; versus function, 270–271; of Victorian era, 29, 152–153, 284, 287, 289. See also Capitalism ; Design; Ideology Aging, 201, 215, 221; and beauty, 177 Alcott, Louisa May, 131 Allen, Lee, 168n. 31 Alvarez, Walter C., 179 Amblyopia. See Vision loss American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, 162 American Anaplastology Association, 163 American Optical Company, 158 American Oto-Rhinologic Society for Plastic Surgery, 181 American Society of Ocularists (A.S.O.), 162–163 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), 22 Amar, Jules, 65; and Frank Gilbreth, 250, 269–271 Amputation, 13–14, 311, 312; during Civil War, 120–122, 283; complications from, 121–122; and fit of prosthesis, 13, 121; and microsurgery, 15; Symes, 12; during WWI Germany, 75 Amputees, 51–52, 90–91, 293–294; in Civil War, 6, 119–20; female, 12; in India, 331, 333–337; and souvenir of injury, 119; and testimonials, 289; and valor, 27–28, 131; and WWI France, 34n. 7 Anaplastology, 163–164, 169n. 37 Anesthesia, 13, 147 Anglesey leg, 284 Anthropomorphism, 300 Anti-communism, 52, 54 Antisepsis, 13–14 Arms, types of prosthetic, 79, 84, 87–89, 300 Arthroplasty. See Hips Assistive technology, 21–22, 267–268, 271. See also Technology; Universal design Association for the Relief of Maimed Soldiers , 124–125 Atropine, 148 Atwood McManus Company, 251 Authenticity: and photography, 254, 257, 259, 265–269; search for, 29–30 Automaticity, definition of, 256 Baker, Louise, 59–60 Bames, H. O., 177–178 Barney, Mathew, 21 Beauty, 8, 21, 31, 190; and breasts, 104, 176–177, 179–182; pageants, 50, 189 “Before” and “after” image, 11, 290, 292 Bender, Leonard, 10 Berube, Alan, 57 Best Years of Our Lives (film), 48–49 “Betterment Room,” 256–257, 276n. 34 Betts, Henry, 15 Biesalski, Konrad, 80–85, 92, 96 Bio-compatibility. See Materials Bio-mechanics, 13 Bionics, 21 Bircoll, Mel, 184 Black market in breast implants, 182 Blair, Vilray, 175 Blocksma, Ralph, 183 Bly leg, 123, 128–129, 284–286, 291–293 Board of Commissioners on Artificial Limbs, 126–127 Body, 3–4, 35n. 19; autonomy of, 6, 8; Cartesian dualism and, 230; commodi- fication of, 310; and disease, 300; female , 112, 172, 186; fragmented, 11–12, 29–30; iconography of, 307, 312, 313; ideals of, 5, 21, 28–31, 288; language, 228; as machine, 85–6, 231, 233; male, 47; as metaphor, 31, 239, 301, 306, 310, 317 (fig. 11.8), 319; and nationalism, 302, 303, 304, 311; and political economy, 302, 306, 315, 317 (fig. 11.8), 318; and power, 301; and surveillance, 5; and workplace design, 267 Boissonneau family, 152, 161 Braley, Silas, 183 Breast: and cancer, 108, 110, 172, 177; and falsies, 189; homemade prosthesis for, 2, 6, 179; and implants, 172, 178–184, 188; injections, 174, 185; mastectomy, 102, 110, 112; patents for prosthetic, 102; and race, 106; representation of, 103–106, 109; size, 177–180, 187. See also Beauty; Materials Bricklaying system of Gilbreth, 252–253 British Empire, 302, 312, 317 Bronk, Detlev, 54 Brown, Elspeth, 26, 33, 65 Brunnstrom, Signe, 57 Bulbulian, Arthur, 18 CAD-CAM, 4, 34n. 8 Campbell, James T., 174 Cancer, 108, 110, 149, 172; breast, 177; from wax injections, 174 Capitalism: and the body, 6–7, 12, 35n. 19, 86, 286–288, 294, 297n. 25; and class, 19, 76, 87–88, 97, 308, 313; and efficiency, 254–255, 266–267; and entrepreneurial medicine, 175–177, 184; and eye surgery , 150, 152; in India, 327, 345; industrial , 13, 65; and the service economy, 66, 69, 73n. 38; and technology, 199–201; and work economy, 46, 192–194, 267. See also Ideology; Technology Cardio-vascular disease, 13 Carnes prostheses, 79, 94–96 Cartoons, 59–60 Case Institute of Technology, 54 Centers for Independent Living, 21, 31 Chandler, Alfred, 249 Chandran, Sudha, 340–341 Charity, in Germany, 79–80 Charnley, John, 211–213, 215, 220, 222 Chestnut, Mary, 124 Chisholm, J. Julian, 122 Cineplasty, 20 Civil War, American. See War Class. See Capitalism Clement...

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