Urban Girls Revisited: Building Strengths

Index

-H Study of Positive Youth Development , –; actual self, conception of, –, –; depression, ; development contextualism, ; exemplary others, conception of, –, –; family measures, –; findings/results, –; idealized self, conception of, –, –; Institute for Applied Research in Youth Development , ; methodology, –; outof -school activities, –; participants, , –, t; positive youth development (PYD), , –; risky/problematic behaviors, ; thriving , conception of, –, , – AYou! study of condom use, –,  Aber, M. S.,  Aboriginal girls, mentoring program for, – Abusive relationships: body image, ; bullying girls in school, –; compromises entailed in, ; dating violence , –; domestic violence in heterosexual romantic relationships, –; effect on positive development , –; familial, ; female street youth, –, ; heterosexual romantic relationships, –; leaving , –, ; male violence/harassment in schools, –, ; mentoring program for girls about, –; pervasiveness of sexual violence, –; self-concept, ; self-esteem, ; sexual abuse, –; street culture, ; in Third City,  Academic achievement: gap between ethnic /racial groups, , –; Hmong youth, ; mentoring, ; parental involvement, ; Project Competence, ; school-based community living rooms (salas comunitarias ), , ,  Academic competence: definition, t; mentoring,  Acculturation: Latinas, ; risk factors,  Actual self, conception of, –, – Adaptation: balancing risk factors and developmental assets, . See also Maladjustment ; Project Competence Adaptive developmental regulations,  Add Health data, , ,  Adolescence: friendships in, –; girlon -girl sexuality during, –; late adolescence, ; parent-child conflict during, –; problems associated with, ; Project Competence, ; psychological well-being, , ; “psychosocial crisis” during, ; Understanding Adolescence Study, ,  Adulthood, idealized,  365 Index Adversity: competence, , –, –; definition, –; developmental assets, ; differences in responses to, ; duration, ; frequency, ; interaction among adversities, , ; measurement of, , ; Project Competence, , ; protective factors, ; risk factors, –; social adversities , ; stress and, ; thriving in spite of,  Aesthetic caring, basis of,  African American boys: expectations, –; studies of, – African American families: “child-keeping ,” ; effects of welfare reform, ; “no-nonsense parenting,” – African American girls, –; athleticism , ; autonomy of, ; confining of, ; high-risk sex, t, t; hiphop music, response to, –; mentoring , , –, ; monitoring of their activities, ; mother-daughter relationships, –; occupational aspirations, ; oppositional consciousness, –; physical activity, ; resistance to discrimination , ; risky/problematic behaviors, ; sexism, response to, ; sexually transmitted infection (STI), t, t; socialization of, –; sports participation , ; stereotypes of, ; studies of, –; survival-oriented resistance strategies, , ; unintended pregnancy, t, t African American women: average age of first birth, ; Black womanhood, –; Collins on, , , , , –; controlling images of, ; deficits of, ; hooks on, , ; images of, , ; othermothers among, , , ; as resisters, ; street culture, – African American youth: condom use, ; positive youth development (PYD) levels, ; stereotypes of,  African Americans: mother-daughter relationships, –; neighborhoods of, ; regional concentration of, ; work ethic,  Ajzen, I., – Alexander, Natasha, – Alternative schools: condom use by Latinas in, –; female street youth, ; sexual activity of students in,  Amigos program,  Anxiety: female street youth, ; relationship problems,  Anyon, J.,  Anzaldúa, Gloria,  Apfelbaum, Erika, ,  Appadurai, Arjun,  Aral, S. O.,  Ascher, C.,  Asian Americans, regional concentration of,  Assets. See Developmental assets Athleticism, girls’, ,  Authentic caring: basis of, ; embodiment of,  Authentic voice, mentoring and, ,  Autonomy: African American girls, ; Erikson on, , ; impediments to, ; parent-adolescent conflict, , , t, –, 191, ; parent-child relationships, –, –, 188; parental control, ; self-esteem, ,  Badgley, Robin,  Badgley Report,  Bailey, Moya, – Balsano, A.,  Benjamin, B. C.,  Berman, H.,  366 Index Black girls. See African American girls Black womanhood, – Blanding, Yasmine,  Body image, abusive experiences and,  Body tracing, – Bourdieu, Pierre,  Boys: African American boys, –, –; condom use, , t, t; contribution levels, ; graduation rates, ; Hmong boys, , , , –; intergenerational relationships , –; mentoring, ; positive youth development (PYD) levels, ; psychological research on, xiv–xv; youth programming,  Breadth of participation in out-of-school activities: contribution (the “sixth C”), , , ; depression, ; nonurban girls, t; positive youth development (PYD), , t, , , ; urban girls, t The Breakfast Club (film),  Brock, Deborah,  Brody, G. H.,  Brooks-Gunn, J.,  Brown, Lyn,  Brown v. Board of Education, ,  Bullying girls in school, – Bunkering of the poor,  Businesswomen in street culture, , – Caring: aesthetic caring, ; authentic caring, , ; definition, t; in Five Cs, , t, , ; measurement of, ; othermothers, ; in positive youth development (PYD), , t, , ; to urban girls,  Carney, Sarah,  Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D),  Character: definition, t; in Five Cs, ; measurement of, –; to urban girls,  Cheeks-Kilpatrick, Carolyn,  “Child-keeping,”  Character building,  Childhood: friendships in, ; girl-ongirl sexuality during, – Children’s Depression Inventory,  Chodorow, N.,  Circling,  Clinton, Bill,  Closing,  Coatsworth, J. D.,  Cognitive competence defined, t Cognitive development and mentoring, – Collective action: ability to imagine transforming oppressive conditions, –, ; as a protective process, ; social individuality, –; urban girls, . See also Political activism Collins, Patricia Hill: African American othermothers, , , ; Black womanhood, –; controlling images to, ; impact on Echoes project , , ; women-centered networks to,  Comer, James,  Community action as protective process,  Community living rooms. See Schoolbased community living rooms (salas comunitarias) Community resilience,  Competence: academic competence, t, ; adversity, , –, –; agesalient tasks, , –; changes in, ; cognitive competence, t; context, , ; “cutoffs,” ; definition, , t, ; developmental stage, ; “doing well,” , ; domain specificity of, , –; Index 367 Competence (Continued) emerging adulthood, –; expectations , ; external manifestations, ; family resources...