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333 4Chan, 27–29, 207 8 Mile, 187 20 Years Too Soon: Superstar Billy Graham, 110 24, 146 ABBA, 234 Abbott, Tony, 206 ABC (Australia), 206 ABC (U.S.), 132, 283 accretion texts, 137, 142, 297 activism, xi, 9, 23, 28–29, 40–43, 45, 53–54, 159, 162, 165, 167–169, 171, 190–192, 194, 199, 215, 219–228, 234, 259, 266, 293, 296–297, 305, 311c5n4 adaptation, 86, 186, 206, 232, 264, 271, 283–284 Aday, Sean, 41 advertising, ix, 1, 4–5, 8–9, 13, 17, 20, 24–25, 30–36, 40, 48, 50–51, 74–75, 77, 80, 86, 91, 100, 106, 114–116, 118–120, 122–123, 125– 127, 129–130, 144, 152, 154, 163, 176–177, 179–182, 195, 198, 203–213, 215–217, 227, 237, 273, 288, 308c1n3, 308c3n1, 309c3n5, 312c6n2 Advertising Age, 25, 121 Advertising Research Foundation, 122 affinity portals/spaces, 174, 309–310c4n2 Africa, 222, 260–268, 274, 286 African American, 159, 170, 189, 192, 216–218, 311c5n4 agency (audience/user), xv, 19, 21–22, 39, 44, 55, 71, 80, 157, 178, 210, 225, 294 aggregation, 45, 68, 93, 95, 166, 175–176, 178, 190, 238, 242–243, 249, 272, 292 The Alchemists, ix, 60, 269 Alive Day Memories, 208 Alkhateeb, Firas, 28 Allison, Anne, 275 “All I Want for Xmas Is a PSP,” 77 All My Children, 132 alternate-reality experiences, 134 Amateur Press Association, 29, 159 Amazon, 66, 122, 221, 239, 291 AMC (U.S.), 30–33, 35 American Idol, 9, 14, 142, 147 American University, 311c6n1 American Wrestling Association (AWA), 110 Anderson, Chris, 72, 238–243 Anderson, Nate, 48 Andrejevic,Mark,126–128,164–165,174–176 Andresen, Katya, 223 Ang, Ien, 118–119, 178 Angola, 264 animation, 171, 206, 229–230, 234, 250; anime/Japanese animation, 62, 68–69, 101, 272–273, 275–276 anthropology, 40, 65–66, 123, 155, 204, 271, 308c1n3 Antiques Roadshow, 87–89, 96 Appadurai, Arjun, 40–42, 271–274 Apple, 14, 120, 138, 147, 164, 243, 245–246; Software Development Kit, 245–246 appraisal of media content, 45, 59, 63, 66–67, 72, 84–89, 94–96, 98, 104, 108, 110–112, 117, 124, 128, 133, 154, 176, 184, 187, 196, 198–199, 226–227, 241, 243, 245–246, 250, 259, 273–276, 293, 295, 297, 301–302, 312c6n2 appropriation, 16, 28, 56, 58, 69, 75, 86, 105, 150, 186, 188, 201, 221–223, 230, 262, 266, 270, 298, 307c1n2 Arab Spring, 41 INDEX INDEX Index 334 Arauz, Mike, 21, 201 Argentina, 302 Arrington, Michael, 51 Ars Technica, 47 Asian American, 171–172, 189, 309c3n4 Askwith, Ivan, 21, 134 The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, 105 As the World Turns, 131, 167–168 astroturfing, 77–78, 176, 213 Asur, Sitaram, 142 Atom Films, 151 Auferheide, Pat, 50 Austin, Alec, 53 Australia, 206, 211–212, 240, 308c3n2 authenticity, 71, 76–78, 83, 89, 98, 141, 209, 212, 296 Avatar, 219–223, 266 Avatar: The Last Airbender, 171 Axe, 195 Bacon-Smith, Camille, 29 Baldwin, Mike, 54 Banet-Weiser, Sarah, 59 Banks, John, 49, 56–57 Barbie’s Queer Accessories, 180 Barbrook, Richard, 65 Barnett, Steve, 14 barn raising, 63–64, 71 Barnum, P.T., 213 Barrionuevo, Alexei, 269 Bartle, Richard, 157 Basement Bhangra, 280 Batman (character) 28 Battelle, John, 175–176 Battlestar Galactica Video Maker Toolkit, 151 Bauer, Jack (character, 24), 262 Baym, Nancy K., 234–235 BBC (U.K.), 96 The Beatles, 147 Bebergal, Peter, 101 Bebin.tv, 279–280 Bed, Bath, & Beyond, 70 Beirut, 191 Belk, Russell, 308c1n3 Belloni, Matthew, 302 Benkler, Yochai, 92, 154–155, 159 Beyer, Brad, 121 Bharat, 286–287 The Bias of Communication, 37 The Bible, 254–256 Bielby, Denise D., 130 The Big Bang Theory, 69–71, 73 Big Deal PR, 34 Bil’in, 220–223, 311c5n4 Billboard, 147 Billionaires for Bush, 221–222 The Birth of a Nation, 159 Bishop, Ronald, 88 bitly, 11 BitTorrent, 98, 231 BlackPlanet, 174 Black, Rebecca, 276 The Blair Witch Project, 138, 144 Blastr, 113–114 Blaxploitation, 261 Blockbuster, 239 Blogs and Bullets, 41 Blom, Philipp, 98–99 Bloodbath: The Most Incredible Steel Cage Matches, 110 Bober, Magdalena, 189 The Bold and the Beautiful, 129 Bollywood, 265–266, 270, 277, 280–281, 289 Bombay Dreams, 289 Boo Boo (character, Yogi Bear), 105 Booth, Paul, 91, 96 Borden, Mark, 195 Borges, Jorge Luis, 237 Boston Globe, 169 Boucher, Geoff, 256 boyd, danah, 192, 212–213 Boyle, Caitlin, 252 Boyle,Susan,9–11,13–16,39,44,95...

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