Science for Segregation: Race, Law, and the Case against Brown v. Board of Education

Notes

Notes notes to chapter 1 1. Mission statement of the Behavioral Genetics Association from their Web site: http://www.bga.org/ (viewed 23 July 2003). 2. For a recent statement on this wedding of science to political power in the USSR, see Kirill O. Rossianov, “Editing Nature: Joseph Stalin and the ‘New’ Soviet Biology,” Isis 84 (1993): 728–754. 3. Glayde Whitney, “Ideology and Censorship in Behavior Genetics,” Mankind Quarterly 35 (1995): 330, 336, 339. For an analysis of Whitney’s claims about the racial basis of crime, see Andrew S. Winston and Michael Peters , “On the Presentation and Interpretation of International Homicide Data,” Psychological Reports 86 (2000): 865–871. 4. Daniel Kevles, In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity (New York: Knopf, 1985), 192. Martin was quoted in “Specter at the Feast,” Science 269 (7 July 1995): 35. 5. Andrew C. Heath, “Secretary’s Report on the 25th Annual Meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association, Richmond, Virginia,” Behavior Genetics 25 (1995): 589. On the resignations, see Declan Butler, “Geneticist Quits in Protest at ‘Genes and Violence’ Claim,” Nature 378 (16 November 1995): 224. On the compromise see “Behavior Geneticists Shun Colleague” Science 270 (17 November 1995): 1125. 6. Glayde Whitney, “Foreword,” in David Duke, My Awakening: A Path to Racial Understanding (Covington, LA: Free Speech Press, 1998), n.p. 7. Quoted in Alison Schneider, “Florida State Professor Criticized for His Laudatory Foreword to David Duke’s Book,” Chronicle of Higher Education 45, no. 33 (23 April 1999): A24. 8. Glayde Whitney, “Subversion of Science: How Psychology Lost Darwin,” Journal of Historical Review 21 (March/April 2002): 29. Whitney developed his argument in a number of other articles, including “Raymond B. Cattell and the Fourth Inquisition,” Mankind Quarterly 38 (1997): 99–125; “On the Races of Man,” Mankind Quarterly 39 (1999): 319–335; “Races Do Not Exist—So Study Them!” Mankind Quarterly 41 (2000): 119–127; “Ideology Contra-Sci205 ence,” Occidental Quarterly 1, no. 2 (2001) (viewed online at http://theoccidentalquarterly .com/ on 23 July 2003). 9. Whitney, “Subversion of Science,” 20. For another IHR article on Boas, see Ted O’Keefe, “Mead, Freeman, Boas: Jewish Anthropology Comes of Age in America,” National Vanguard (June 1983): 5–10. On the history of Holocaust denial, see Deborah Lipstadt, Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory (New York: Plume, 1994); Michael Shermer and Alex Grobman , Denying History: Who Says the Holocaust Never Happened and Why Do They Say It? (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000). 10. Glayde Whitney, “A Contextual History of Behavior Genetics,” in Developmental Behavior Genetics: Neural, Biometrical, and Evolutionary Approaches , ed. Martin E. Hahn et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 15; “Genetics and Human Behavior,” in Encyclopedia of Bioethics, ed. Warren T. Reich (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), vol. 2, 953; and “On Possible Genetic Bases of Race Differences in Criminality,” in Crime in Biological, Social, and Moral Contexts, ed. Lee Ellis and Harry Hoffman (New York: Praeger, 1990), 145. 11. George M. Fredrickson, Racism: A Short History (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002), 99. 12. David L. Chappell, “Religious Ideas of the Segregationists,” Journal of American Studies 32 (1998): 237–238. The first extended treatment of the proslavery argument was William Sumner Jenkins, Proslavery Thought in the Old South (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1935). For more recent treatments, see David Donald, “The Proslavery Argument Reconsidered,” Journal of Southern History 37 (1971): 3–18; David F. Ericson, The Debate over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in Antebellum America (New York: New York University Press, 2000); Drew Gilpin Faust, “A Southern Stewardship : The Intellectual and the Proslavery Argument,” American Quarterly 31 (1979): 63–80; Gary S. Selby, “Mocking the Sacred: Frederick Douglass’s ‘Slaveholder ’s Sermon’ and the Antebellum Debate over Religion and Slavery,” Quarterly Journal of Speech 88 (2002): 326–341; John David Smith, An Old Creed for the New South: Proslavery Ideology and Historiography, 1865–1918 (Westport , CT: Greenwood Press, 1985); Michael Wayne, “An Old South Morality Play: Reconsidering the Social Underpinnings of the Proslavery Ideology,” Journal of American History 77 (1990): 838–863. 13. David Chappell, “The Divided Mind of Southern Segregationists,” Georgia Historical Quarterly 82 (1998): 53. 14. Carleton Putnam, “This Is the Problem!” The Citizen 6 (November 1961): 28, emphasis in original. 15. Audrey Smedley, Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview, 2d ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1999), 28. Other writers who emphasize that racism is a recent...