In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

294 294 ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫ص‬��‫ع‬ � ‫س‬��‫د‬‫ا‬�‫ت‬���‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ل‬���� � ‫ف‬ ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫ت‬� �� �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ع‬ �‫ق‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ �� �‫و‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ � � ‫ڡ‬ � � � � � � ‫ا‬�� ��‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫م‬ ��� ‫ل‬�‫ك‬ � � �‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ه‬ � ‫ش‬ ���‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �� �‫و‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�� ��� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ �� � ��‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬�� �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ع‬ ‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫�د‬‫ب‬ �� �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ه‬�� ��‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �� ‫�ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫م‬ �‫و‬��‫�ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ه‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ ��‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬��� �‫ل‬� � ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� * ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ل‬��� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�� � ‫ب‬ ����� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � * ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�د‬� �‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬��‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ���� �‫و‬�� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � ��‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬ * ‫م‬ �‫ر‬‫ل‬ � ��‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ��� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��� �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ا‬ � �‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ه‬�‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫ل‬ � � �‫�م‬� � ‫ش‬ �� �‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ � * ‫ع‬ ‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ � � ‫ر‬‫ص‬� ‫ل‬��� � ‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��� � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ش‬ �� ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�� �� ‫ى‬ � �‫���د‬‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ب‬ � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ع‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � �‫و‬�� * ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫س‬��‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ط‬ �� �‫ا‬�‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫ب‬ �‫و‬��‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � �‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� ��‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�� �� ��‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫و‬�‫ه‬�‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫و‬� � ��� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ّ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫د‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � �‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ * ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � �� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫���د‬‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬ * ‫ه‬� ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫و‬�‫ه‬�‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫و‬� � ��� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ّ ‫ل‬� � ُ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫س‬��‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬‫ر‬ * ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬�‫ح‬ � ‫ب‬ � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ط‬ �� �‫ا‬�‫ط‬ �� �� �� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ه‬�‫ا‬‫�ر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ر‬‫�د‬� ��� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ش‬ �� �‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� �‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ل‬��� � ‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫س‬��‫و‬�� � � �‫ب‬�‫م‬� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �� �� �‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� * ‫م‬ � ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬��‫ك‬ � � �� �� � �� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫د‬‫و‬�‫م‬�� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ه‬� ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��� �‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� �� � � ‫ك‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � �� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬ � ‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ * ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬ � �� ‫ل‬�‫ل‬�� ‫د‬‫ر‬‫و‬�‫م‬� ‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ى‬ � �‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬���‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬ � ‫و‬�� * � ‫ه‬�‫م‬���� ‫ب‬��‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ � ّ ‫و‬�� � � �� �‫ل‬� � � �‫ب‬ ��‫ب‬ �‫م‬� ‫و‬�‫ه‬� ‫ى‬ � �‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫م�د‬� ‫ا‬�� �� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � �‫ل‬�‫ل‬��� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ب‬� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ ��� �� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ���� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � ��‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬ � ‫و‬�� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� �� �‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ش‬ �� ��‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬�� �� ‫ى‬ � �‫���د‬‫ا‬�‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ى‬ � �‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��� � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬� َ ‫�م‬ َ ��� ّ‫ب‬ � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫م‬ � ‫ل‬ ��� �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � ��‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� *‫ر‬‫ه‬ � ‫ش‬ ���‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�� �‫��س‬ � � ١٫١٦٫٢ ٢٫١٦٫٢ ٣٫١٦٫٢ 295 295 Chapter 16 Right Here! The pen has refused to obey my command to leave this stimulating spot and talk of the Fāriyāq and his like, and he too indeed, in all likelihood, would rather stay put than talk about himself. Thus there is no help for it but to resume my description of women, without tendering him any apology. I thus declare: certain of our most eminent scholars have said that the woman is more honorable than the man, more imposing, nobler, more clement , more virtuous, and more generous. The argument for her being more honorable rests on the fact that the two witnesses to her feminity stand in an elevated position, enabling her to see them and to make them seen whenever she wishes, without bowing her head or bending over, and in this lie a pride and a nobility that cannot be concealed. Are you not aware that a certain litterateur has claimed that “the pride of ‘No’ lies in one’s saying it with one’s head raised, while the humiliation of ‘Yes’ lies in saying it with it bowed?” The two witnesses to a man’s masculinity, on the other hand, are withdrawn, in a position that allows him to see them only if he bends over and bows down. The argument for her being more imposing lies in the fact that her legs, which are the columns upon which the mass of the body stands, her belly, which is the nest in which the soul is formed, and her backside, which is a source of paralyzing inaction, are more imposing than the legs, belly, and backside of the man. The argument for her being nobler lies in the fact that she is treated with the respect due to nobility for a period of nine months because of what is cast into her. The argument for her being more clement lies in the fact that the mark of clemency245 is visible on the two witnesses to her femininity. 2.16.1 2.16.2 2.16.3 [18.119.131.178] Project MUSE (2024-04-24 15:58 GMT) 296 296 ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫ي‬ �‫ع‬ �‫ن‬ �� ‫ع‬ � ‫ن‬ �� �‫و‬�‫م‬ ‫ل‬ �� ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ن‬ � ‫ي‬ � � ‫ن‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � � � ‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫و‬�‫ه‬�‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬�‫ع‬ �‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � � � ��‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ���� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ��� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � �� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬�� ��� � � �‫س‬��� � � )‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ه‬‫لل‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬�� �‫س‬�( � �� ��‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫ك‬ � � �‫ل‬�� * ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ � ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫و‬�� � ��‫ه‬�‫ب‬ � �‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ا‬�� �‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ �� � ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫و‬�� �� ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ر‬� ���� � � �� ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ى‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �‫م‬� � � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � �‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ل‬���� �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ش‬ ��� ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬�� �� � ‫م‬� ‫دا‬��� �‫ا‬ � �‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �� �� � ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �‫ل‬�� � � � � ‫م‬ � ‫ح‬ �‫ر‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ا‬‫د‬‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ � � � � � �‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ���� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫م‬ �‫ر‬‫ل‬ � ��‫ا‬ ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ � �‫�د‬� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬ � �‫�د‬� ‫���س‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ج‬ �‫د‬‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ك‬��� �‫�ع‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬��‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬ ‫ب‬ ��‫ط‬ � � �� ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬���‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ش‬ �‫�س‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ك‬‫ر‬�‫س‬‫ئ‬ ��‫ا‬‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ى‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� � ‫ر‬�‫ع‬ ‫ب‬ ��� �‫ق‬‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫س‬ ‫ب‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ � �‫�د‬‫ع‬� �‫ب‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ��� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬ � ��‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫ى‬ � ‫ط‬ �� � � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ك‬��� �‫ل‬��‫ت‬ ‫ب‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫س‬� �� � � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ئ‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ط‬ �� �‫ب‬ � �� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫�م‬‫ل‬��� �‫ل‬� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � � ‫ب‬ ��‫س‬��‫ح‬ �‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫م‬�� � � ��‫ر‬‫ه‬ � � �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫�ص‬ �‫ب‬ �� ‫ا‬‫و‬� ّ ‫�م‬‫ه‬�‫و‬�� ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ه‬�� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ���� �‫و‬��� � ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ل‬ � � �‫ب‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ل‬�� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ��‫س‬��‫و‬�� * ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ��� � �� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ر‬ ّ ‫�ص‬‫ه‬ �� ‫ل‬� � �‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ح‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ل‬��� � ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � �‫و‬�� * ‫ب‬ ���� �‫و‬��� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � ‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ع‬�� ����� � ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ى‬ � �‫ل‬�‫ل‬��� �� ‫�ل‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��� ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫و‬���‫ب‬ �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ط‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ب‬ ‫�س‬ ��‫ل‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � �‫ر‬‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� �‫ب‬ ��‫س‬� � �‫ب‬��‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ا‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� ��‫و‬�� � � � ‫ش‬ ���‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬�� ��‫�م‬ � � � �‫ر‬ ‫ا‬�� �� ‫ى‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � َ ‫ل‬��ْ � � َ ‫م‬� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � * ‫ى‬ � ّ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ا‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ر‬‫ب‬ ���� � �� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ش‬ �‫د‬‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ب‬ ���� � � ��‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ج‬ � � �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ �‫س‬� ‫ل‬�� ��‫�م‬� � ‫ب‬ �� �� �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬��‫ط‬ � ‫ب‬ � �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬�‫ش‬ ��‫�م‬‫ل‬ � ��‫ا‬�� � ُ ‫ل‬�� َ‫ش‬ � َ ‫�م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � * ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ج‬ � �‫س‬�� � �� � � � � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ � ّ ‫ل‬���� � � ��‫ر‬‫ص‬�‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫م‬�‫ه‬�‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � � �‫�م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � � ‫ه‬�‫س‬��‫و‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� � ‫ه‬�� �‫و‬���� � ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� �‫ب‬ ��‫س‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � ��‫ا‬�‫م‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�� ‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬� � � � � * ‫ج‬ � � �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� �� �‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � � �� ��‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ � ‫ه‬�‫س‬��‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�� �‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ � �‫ر‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ش‬ �‫س‬��‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬�‫ش‬ ��‫�م‬‫ل‬ � �� ‫ه‬�‫ل‬��‫ش‬ �‫�م‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � * ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ �� �� � � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬��� ‫ل‬� ‫ل‬�� ��‫ل‬��� �� ‫ل‬� ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ ��‫ل‬��� � ‫ب‬ � �‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫ا‬�‫م‬� ‫ر‬‫�د‬ � � � � ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ �‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫ا‬ � ‫ل‬ � � � �‫ر‬‫�ص‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� �� ��‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� �‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � � �� ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ � � � �� ‫ل‬�‫ب‬ ��‫س‬�� ‫ه‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫ب‬ ‫د‬��‫ب‬ � � � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � ‫ر‬‫�ص‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬��‫ع‬ � ‫ب‬ �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ � �� ‫ل‬� � ‫ه‬�� �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � � �‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � � �‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ �‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ �‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ب‬ ��� ‫ب‬ ‫�د‬ ‫ب‬ � � � * ‫ك‬��‫ل‬� � ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬�� �� � ‫ب‬ ‫ك‬ � � ‫و‬�‫ه‬�‫و‬�� ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ ��‫ا‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫م‬����� � ‫ر‬‫�ص‬ ‫ب‬ � � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ��‫ع‬ �‫و‬� ‫ب‬ �� � �‫ا‬‫ر‬‫�ص‬ � ‫ا‬� ‫ا‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ب‬ ‫ل‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫س‬� � � �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫م‬ � ‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ور‬�� * ‫ا‬�� � ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ � ‫ا‬�‫م‬�‫د‬ ‫ى‬ � ‫ل‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫��د‬ ��� �� �� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� � �‫ر‬� �� �� ��‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� ��‫و‬� � ��‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ ��� ‫ب‬ ‫د‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫ك‬ � �� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬ ّ ‫ى‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫��ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬�‫ط‬ �� � �� � ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ � � ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ش‬ �� �‫ح‬ �‫ب‬ � * ‫دا‬��‫ب‬ � � ‫ى‬ � � ‫و‬� � ‫م‬ � � ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫ا‬�� � �� �‫ا‬‫و‬� ‫ب‬ � � ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬�‫و‬�� * ‫ه‬�� ��‫ب‬ �‫ع‬ �‫ب‬ ‫ل‬� ‫و‬�� ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬�‫س‬�� ‫ب‬ �‫ا‬ ‫س‬��‫ا‬‫بر‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬�� �� �‫ا‬‫و‬�� � �‫ر‬‫�د‬‫ب‬ �‫ب‬ ‫�ل‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬��‫ا‬�� �� �‫ا‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬�‫ب‬ �� ‫�ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫و‬�‫ب‬ ‫ص‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫���د‬ * � � � �‫د‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬���‫ر‬‫و‬��� ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬�‫و‬�� * �‫ر‬‫ع‬ � ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ب‬ ‫ع‬ �‫ل‬��‫ب‬ ‫ل‬�‫ا‬ ‫ا‬���‫ر‬‫ع‬ � َ ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬�‫و‬�� * ‫ل‬� ‫ب‬ �� �‫ر‬‫ل‬� � ‫ا‬‫ر‬‫ع‬ � ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ‫ب‬ ‫س‬‫م‬� ‫ل‬� � ‫و‬�‫ط‬ �� �‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ �‫و‬�� � � �� ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬���‫ر‬‫ع‬ � ‫ش‬ ‫�س‬� ٥٫١٦٫٢ ٤٫١٦٫٢ ٦٫١٦٫٢ 297 297 Right Here! The argument for her being more virtuous lies in the fact that she was created from and subsequent to the man and that he was created from dust. She, on the other hand, were she to die (which God forbid), would turn to dust like the man, not to the origin from which she was taken, i.e., would not become either a man or a rib. The argument for her being more generous lies in the fact that she is more tender-hearted, more kindly-minded, and more gentle-natured. If she sees someone to be in need of something she has, she will not begrudge it to him, on which topic it is enough to cite what the eulogist had to say about Mistress Zubaydah when he wrote, O Zubaydah, Jaʿfar’s daughter, Happy the visitor you reward! You grant as many wishes with your feet As your hands accord. when her attendants reproached him for these words and rose to beat him, she scolded them and thanked him, for she knew that his description was not wrong.246 Another eminent scholar has stated that a woman generally lives longer than a man, because her inborn suppleness, childlikeness, and smoothness allow her to face events with patience and deliberateness so that she is flexible with them, meaning that she bends now to this side, now to the other, being in this like the supple branch that bends with the wind and does not snap. Man, on the other hand, given his innate hardness and dryness, holds himself rigid and unyielding in the face of whatever may befall him and is, as a consequence, quickly destroyed by it, being in this like the dry tree in the face of the tempest. Another of her singular charactestics is that alcohol does not affect her as much as it does the man, and people differ over why this is so. Some believe that there is an attractive force in the woman’s blood that overcomes the alcohol and draws it downward so that it doesn’t ascend to her brain. Others claim that the woman herself contains a kind of alcohol called ruḍāb247 that is so strong within her that if you mix it with any other drink whatsoever the latter loses its strength...

Share