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Index
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Abbott, Jack, 3 Abolition of punishment, 14, 149 Aeschylus, 6 Agamemnon, 6 Alternatives to punishment, 92, 155–172; utilitarian analysis of, 38–43 Anger, 62–71; and attachment to values , 62–63; contribution of subject to, 68, 70; cultural glorification of, 69; defined, 65; and demand for harm to offender, 65–66; distinguished from fear, 63, 63–64; and judgment of undeserved harm, 62, 62–63; distinguished from sorrow, 63; as foundation of moral community, 61; as justification for punishment, 154; justification of, 64–65; pride in, 69–71; punishment as expressing , 60–71; recognition of, 68–69; retributive, 67; and self-respect, 61, 69; of victims, punishment as satisfying, 20; vindictive, 65, 65–67, 151 Annulling of crime, 16, 17, 50–52, 147, 150–151, 154, 164; through restitution, 93 Anomie, 40; institutional-anomie, 158. See also Institutional-anomie theory of crime; Messner, S., and R. Rosenfeld Apology, 153, 162, 163, 171 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 11 Attachments, conflicting, 136–137 Auerhahn, Kathleen, 180n. 17 Augustine, 11 Automatic retaliation device, 106–107, 115 Autonomy: respect for, 14, 19, 125, 127, 130; of offender, 118, 119, 123 Aversion therapy, 190n. 2 Beccaria, Cesare, 12 Beliefs, and values, 132–133, 137 Benefit. See Good of offender; Good of society Benefits and burdens, punishment as correcting balance of, 19–20, 81, 81–85 Bentham, Jeremy, 13, 23 Berns, Walter, 50, 65, 68 Blood feud, 6, 9 Blood guilt, 8, 9, 78 Blumstein, Alfred, 179n. 11, 180n. 20 Bosanquet, Bernard, 17 Bradley, F. H., 16–17 Braithwaite, John, 167 Burgh, Richard, 83 Index 211 Canela-Cacho, Jose. See Cohen, Jacqueline Capital punishment, 13 Character, defects of, as causing crime, 117, 120, 122 Child abuse, as cause of crime, 39, 155 Choice to incur harm, 123–125 Choice of offender: not to be punished , 149; to be used as mere means, 128; to commit crime, as basis of punishment, 89, 89–92, 95, 96, 97, 114, 119, 143 Christianity, 10–12 Circles of support, 169–172 Cognitive learning, punishment as promoting, 134–135, 143 Cohen, Jacqueline, 180n. 19 Cohen, L. E., and M. Felson, 188n. 12 Cohen, Mark A., 178n. 2 Communication: to offender of wrongfulness of crime, 117, 119, 127, 130, 153, 166–168; as purpose of punishment, 161 Communitarianism, 145 Community, 74, 143, 145; moral, 87 Community service, 27, 28 Compensation, 51, 53, 55–56, 99, 114, 116, 154, 171; as alternative to punishment, 78, 79, 82–83, 93, 153, 161, 162–165; requirement of, as asserting rights, 56; right to, 97 Condemnation, 161; expression of, as function of punishment, 79, 87, 88; by family members, 140; symbolic , 60, 69, 153, 154; trial as communicating, 161–162 Consent: of offender to punishment, 73, 77, 86, 93, 95, 99, 114, 115, 129, 149, 150; rationality as surrogate for, 74 Constructivism, 86 Convention, and functions of punishment , 141, 143 Cosmic balance, punishment as restoring , 8, 14, 141–142 Cost-benefit analysis, of punishment, 23 Crime: as artifact of law, 35; causes of, 106, 149, 153 Crime prevention, 122, 123, 149, 153, 155–160; as effect of punishment , 22–38; methods of, 92; as purpose of punishment, 95, 127, 147–150; trade-off with freedom from social control, 93; when crime is imminent, 155 Crime-prone communities, 157 Crime rate: abolition of punishment as increasing, 149; and choice of individual to commit crime, 90–92; and social policy, 90–92; in US and other countries, 41, 75. See also Victimization, within prisons Criminal activity, prediction of, 33–37 Culture, 158–159; as cause of crime, 156 Dagger, Richard, 84 Dangerousness, 160; prediction of, 33, 33–37; use of “extra-legal” factors in predicting, 35–36 Death penalty, 26 Desert, 85, 95; as purpose of punishment , 79, 79–81, 89, 114 Deterrence, 5, 7, 21, 23, 96, 99, 153, 161; aim of benefiting offender as constraint on, 127, 127–128; as constrained by moral reform, 145, 145–146, 148; criticism of, 118; effectiveness of, 24, 24–29; general, and self-defense, 100, 103–106; 212 | Index [3.85.167.119] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 14:19 GMT) moral reform as constraining, 132, 151; specific, and self defense, 100–103 Dimock, Susan, 88, 88–89 Direct intervention, 160 Disadvantaged offenders, 74, 82, 92 Dolinko, David, 188n. 18 Double effect, doctrine of, 45 Drug dependence, as cause of crime, 155, 156 Drug treatment, as alternative to punishment , 39 Duff, R. A., 118–119, 122, 136, 139, 140, 143...