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xxv All books are collaborative projects, but perhaps none more than this three-volume history of Jews in New York City. The eminent historians directly involved in the project, Jeffrey S. Gurock, Annie Polland, Howard Rock, Daniel Soyer, and art historian Diana L. Linden, have devoted their considerable skills not only to their own volumes but also to evaluating and enhancing each other’s work. Editorial board members helped to guide the project and served as crucial resources. City of Promises began during my term as Chair of the Academic Council of the American Jewish Historical Society, and I owe a debt of gratitude to David P. Solomon for making a match between Jennifer Hammer of New York University Press and the Academic Council. Good ideas have legs, but they require the devotion and support of influential men and women. City of Promises fortunately found both in William Frost z”l of the Lucius N. Littauer Foundation and Jennifer Hammer of NYU Press. Bill Frost generously underwrote the project when it was just an idea, and I think that he would have treasured this history of a city he loved. Jennifer Hammer worked prodigiously to turn vision into reality, never faltering in her critically engaged commitment despite inevitable obstacles. I am indebted to both of them for staying the course, and I greatly appreciate the opportunity to work with Jennifer, an excellent, flexible, and insightful editor. City of Promises received additional important financial support from individuals and foundations. I want to thank the Malkin Fund, The Marian B. and Jacob K. Javits Foundation, Hugo Barreca, David P. Solomon, and an anonymous foundation donor for significant support, as well as several other individuals including Judd and Karen Aronowitz, David and Phyllis Grossman , Irving and Phyllis Levitt, Irwin and Debi Ungar, and Rabbi Marc StraussCohen of Temple Emanuel, Winston-Salem, North Carolina. All recognized the importance of this project through timely contributions. I appreciate their generosity. Several students at the University of Michigan provided assistance that helped to keep the volumes on track. Alexandra Maron and Katherine Rosenblatt did valuable research, and I am grateful for their aid. G E N E R A L E D I T O R ’ S A C K N O W L E D G M E N T S xxvi ■ general Editor’s Acknowledgments These volumes are dedicated to my family of New York Jews. Without their steadfast encouragement, and especially that of my husband, MacDonald Moore, City of Promises would not have appeared. Dedicated to my grandchildren, Elijah Axt, Zoe Bella Moore, and Rose Alexa Moore, authors of future chapters D e b o r a h D a s h M o o r e ...

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