Doing Time in the Depression: Everyday Life in Texas and California Prisons

Notes

| 253 Notes Abbreviations in Notes BPTP Board of Prison Terms and Paroles CAH Center for American History CAHR California History Room CASL California State Library CSA California State Archives TSLAC Texas State Library and Archives Commission MCCO Marin County Coroner’s Office MCFPL Marin County Free Public Library PIRA Prison Industries Reorganization Administration Introduction 1. Edwin Owen, “History of Crime,” The Bulletin, January 10, 1933. 2. David M. Kennedy, Freedom fom Fear: The American People in Depression and War, 1929–1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 59, 87, 77. 3. Scoop Lankford, in Studs Terkel, ed., Hard Times: An Oral History of the Great Depression (New York: Washington Square Press, 1970), 407. Lankford’s suggestion resonates with Giorgio Agamben’s work on biologically and politically expendable subjects, a matter explored in greater detail throughout Doing Time. Agamben, Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998). 4. Quoted in Steven Mintz and Susan Kellog, Domestic Revolutions: A Social History of American Family Life (New York: Free Press, 1988), 138; and in Michael S. Kimmel, Manhood in America: A Cultural History, 2d ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), 132. 5. See United States Department of Commerce/United States Bureau of the Census, Prisoners in State and Federal Prisons and Reformatories (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office). Examination of reports from 1929 through 1937 shows the uniformly high rank among Texas and California prison populations, for both inmates received and total populations. 6. Frank L. Rector, Health and Medical Service in American Prisons and Reformatories (New York: National Society of Penal Information, 1929), 21. 7. Quoted in David J. Rothman, Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America, rev. ed. (New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2002 [1980]), 196. 254 | Notes to the Introduction 8. United States Department of Commerce/Bureau of the Census, Prisoners in State and Federal Prisons and Reformatories, 1937: Statistics of Prisoners Received and Discharged during the Year for State and Federal Penal Institutions (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1939), 15. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Prisoners in State and Federal Prisons and Reformatories from 1926 through 1946 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1926–1946). 9. Elliot J. Gorn, Dillinger’s Wild Ride: The Year That Made America’s Public Enemy Number One (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009); Claire Bond Potter, War on Crime: Bandits, G-Men, and the Politics of Mass Culture (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1998); Jonathan Munby, Public Enemies, Public Heroes: Screening the Gangster Film from “Little Caesar” to “Touch of Evil” (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999); Sean McCann, Gumshoe America: Hard-Boiled Crime Fiction and the Rise and Fall of New Deal Liberalism (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2000); Rebecca N. Hill, Men, Mobs, and Law: Anti-Lynching and Labor Defense in U.S. Radical History (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008). 10. David J. Rothman, The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic (Boston: Little, Brown, 1971); and Rothman, Conscience and Convenience; David Garland’s penal trilogy: Punishment and Welfare: A History of Penal Strategies (Hants, England: Gower, 1985), Punishment and Modern Society: A Study in Social Theory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990), The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001); Alex Lichtenstein, Twice the Work of Free Labor: The Political Economy of Convict Labor in the New South (New York: Verso, 1996); Rebecca M. McLennan, The Crisis of Imprisonment: Protest, Politics, and the Making of the American Penal State, 1776–1941 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008). And, famously, Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Vintage, 1979). Mary Bosworth voiced a similar critique in Explaining U.S. Imprisonment (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2010), 4–5. 11. For poignant demonstration from recent Texas prisons, Robert Perkinson, Texas Tough: The Birth of America’s Prison Empire (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2010), 23–30. 12. E. P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class (New York: Vintage, 1966), 12. 13. Michael Ingatieff cautions that the state cannot bear the full load of responsibility for moral sanctions behind crime and punishment, and his argument might be extended to the maintenance of racial difference. He argues that “it is a serious over-estimation of the role of the state to assume that its sanctioning powers were the exclusive source of the...