Our Schools Suck: Students Talk Back to a Segregated Nation on the Failures of Urban Education

Index

275 Index accountability, 27–30, 63–64, 195–97, 265n39 acting white hypothesis: antielitist populism and, 47; anti-intellectual climate, 58; critiques of, 46–48, 56–57, 82–87; educational success , 84–87; immigrant narratives and, 43–44; McWhorter on, 54–57; middle class and, 54; Obama on, 57, 188, 250n94; Ogbu on, 44–48, 266n49; oppositional cultural identities and, 22, 43–44; post-civil rights discourse, 248n79; racial achievement gap, 56; segmented assimilation and, 47–53; Williams on, 60; work options and, 45 adequate education, 206, 268n66, 269n67 adolescence, 217–19, 218, 258n28 Afro-American Teachers Association (New York City), 266n44 Algebra Project, the, 206 “Amazing +”, 14–15 Anderson, Elijah, 38–43, 240n18, 240n25 anti-intellectual climate: acting white hypothesis, 58; cultural norms and values, 44–45; curricula and pedagogical techniques, 235n24; educational aspirations and, 83–84, 123–25, 254n19; immigrant narratives , 55–56; oppositional identities, 44–45, 124–25; pedagogies for the poor, 201–3; racial achievement gap, 54, 63; resistance to, 139–40; testing and, 107, 109, 132–33; white students and, 189, 192, 193–94 anti-intellectualism, black, 54 Asian Americans, 4, 5, 50, 55–56, 239n13 assimilation, 49–50. See also segmented assimilation autonomous minorities, 242n39 Badillo, Herman: critiques of, 62, 63, 239n8; educational establishment, 62, 63; on Latinos, 34–35, 61–62, 146, 250n104; One Nation, One Standard, 33–34, 34–35, 61–62, 146 Baldwin, James, 20, 194, 203 Balibar, Etienne, 53, 66 Becera, Mario, 87 Berube, Maurice, 241n36 Best, Amy L., 220, 224, 272n22 Beverly Hills High School, 73, 193, 252n4 Black Americans in an Affluent Suburb (Ogbu et al.), 45 Bloomberg, Michael R., 197–98, 200–201 Board of Education of Oklahoma v. Dowell (1971), 233n2 bodily experiences of schools: bullying /name calling, 148; DeWitt Clinton High School, 7–13; Fremont High School, 72, 74; overview , 191–94, 209–10; protests against, 147–48; violence, 129, 150. See also school conditions 276 Index Braxton, Eric (Philadelphia Student Union), 148 Breyer, Stephen G., 263n16 Bronx Schools Strike Back, 261n48 Brooks, David, 184 Brown II (1955), 180 Brown v. Board of Education (1954), 1–2, 30, 177, 178, 180, 183, 262nn3–4 Brunt, LaVerne, 99, 253n12 Burawoy, Michael, 274n39 Burgess, Robert G., 227 Bush, George H. W., 17 Bush, George W., 189 Bushwick High School (Brooklyn, NYC), 148 CAI. See College Access Initiative (CAI) Californians for Justice, 206 Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York (2001), 30, 204–7, 268n63 Carter, Renee, 93 Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), 48, 51, 222, 243n56, 245n56 Clark, Tom C., 262n4 class: anti-intellectual climate, 235n24; assumptions about school reform movements, 149–52; critical analysis and, 235n24; curricula and pedagogical technique, 235n24; intracommunity class struggles, 43, 190; middle class tensions, 45; NCLB and, 196; perceived values and norms, 43, 150–51; urban/suburban schools and, 166–68 class size, 30, 87, 199, 237n60. See also school conditions Clinton High School. See Dewitt Clinton High School (Bronx, NYC) Coalition for Homelessness and Housing in Ohio, 147–48 Code of the Street (Anderson), 38–43 Cohen, Amy, 149 collaborative ethnography, 216–17, 227–29, 230–31 collective action: transformative empowerment , 164–65, 168–69 College Access Initiative (CAI), 115– 42; gender and, 115–16, 256n3; history and vision of, 115–16; standardized testing, 193; young men of color and, 115–16. See also Upward Bound Programs College Access Initiative (CAI) case study: 113–42; fieldnotes, 113, 114– 15; methodology/field research, 24–25, 115–17, 224–25, 228 college preparatory services, 73, 83–84, 148, 172, 207, 269n70. See also College Access Initiative (CAI) Columbus, Ohio School District, 234n8 Come On, People: On the Path from Victims to Victors (Cosby and Pouissant ), 189–90, 203 Community Schools v. Seattle (2007), 177, 183, 184, 263n14, 263n15 comparative ethnography/collaborative ethnography, 230–31 Cook, Philip and Jens Ludwig, 83, 254n19 cool pose culture: defined, 37; acting white, 60; codes of the street, 38–43; as critical response, 41–42, 245n60; cultural norms and values, 5, 38–43, 42, 216, 217; culture of failure narrative and, 22; dropouts, 1; gender and, 14–15; inner-city exceptions, 119–21, 141; masculinities, 37–38; media representations , 14–15; personal responsibility discourse, 138; racialization and, 14–15; socioeconomics and, 37–38, 42; student internalization of, 157, 162–63; student voices on, 40–41; youth labor market, 125–26 Index 277 Cool Pose (Major and Bilson), 37 Cosby, Bill: Come On...