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345 Abigail Lodge No. 3, IOTS, Albany, New York, 3, 151, 211 Abraham, Abraham, 169 Abraham, Joseph, 282n129 Abraham, Lewis, 89 Abraham’s covenant with God, 102–3 acculturation process in America, 8, 115 activism, religious and social, 42–43, 115–17, 197–202, 210, 221–22 Adler, Cyrus, 235, 240–42, 244, 246–47 Adler, Felix, 7, 189–92, 194, 307n126 Adler, Henry, 110 Adler, Samuel, 58–60, 191 African Americans, and Masonic lodges, 266n17 Alexander III(Tsar of Russia), 177 Alliance Israelite Universelle, 171–72 America, interpreted as “new Zion,” 3–4 America Lodge No. 14, IOTS, Brooklyn, 203–4 American Committee, 179 American diplomacy, on behalf of Jews in Russia and Romania, 234 American Hebrew (periodical), 243–44, 246 American identity, religious motifs in definition of, 4 American Israelites, Board of Delegates, 73, 89, 116 Americanizers vs. Germanizers, 74–79, 84–85 American Jewish Committee (AJC), 247, 249–50 American Jewish university proposal: General Assembly discussion, 109–10; reintroduced by Peixotto and Kriegshaber, 98; and restrictions proposed on lodge membership, 100; Second District and, 96; Wise and, 76–77, 82–85, 89–90, 137 American Reform movement, 13–15, 44–45, 58, 188, 190 Anspacher, Henry M., 23–24, 25 Anti-Defamation League (ADL), 260–61 anti-Masonic movement, 55 anti-Semitism: absence of, in IOOF, 24–26; in Europe, 217; in Russia, 239–40; in the United States, 91, 170, 176, 181, 301n23 art gallery, IOBB headquarters, 227 Die Asiatischen Brüder (lodge), Vienna, 17 Asmonean (periodical), 39 Association for the Relief of Widows and Orphans, New Orleans, 145 Aub, Theresa, 139 Aurore Naissante lodge, Frankfurt, 17 Austrian Central-Organ for Religious Freedom, Culture, and History of the Jews (periodical), 39 auxiliary degrees for women, proposed, 110–11, 139–40, 182–83 AZA Youth Club, 260 Baeck, Leo, 253–55, 254, 261–62 Baltimore, Maryland: Covenant Library, 124; Har Sinai Verein (congregation), 13, 82; IOBB Jedidjia Lodge, 98, 124, Index Note: Page numbers in italics indicate photographs or figures. 346 I N D E X Baltimore, Maryland (cont.) 278n49; IOTS Jeshurun Lodge No. 3, 29, 68, 278n49 Baran, Rose, 207 Barbe, Lizzie, 208–9, 212 Baron de Hirsch Fund, 179, 220–21 Bathia Lodge No. 10, IOTS, New York City, 151, 203 Baum, Marianne, 157 Bavarian Jews, 264n7, 303n50 Bensadon, Joseph, 128 Berg, Henriette, 48 Bernhard, Betsy, 151 Bethel Lodge No. 4, Cincinnati, 29 Bien, Julius, 106; Cleveland Conference and, 84, 87; and General Assembly in Chicago, 105, 108; on integration of new immigrants, 186, 220–21; and IOTS, 156, 183–84; as lecturer at Maimonides Library, 120–21; on life insurance scheme, 165; in lodge development, 68; on mergers with other Jewish orders, 182; on origins of B’nai B’rith, 23, 26; on proposal to limit IOBB membership to male Jews, 101; on secret rituals, 29–30; on universalism, 30–31, 84–85 Big Brother Movement, 231 Bijur, Nathan, 242–43 Bildung, 14, 76, 213. See also education Binswanger, Augustus, 134 blackballing, 18, 267n23 Blaustein, David, 201 B’nai B’rith Hall, San Francisco, 125–26 B’nai B’rith Library Association, 119 B’nai B’rith Social and Literary Circle, San Francisco, 124 B’noth Jeshurun Lodge No. 2, IOTS, Philadelphia, 149 B’noth Zelophad Lodge No. 7, IOTS, Philadelphia, 151 Board of Delegates, American Israelites, 73, 89, 116 Board of Delegates, UAHC, 188, 238–39, 241–42, 244 Bohemian Jews (Doitsche), 175 Bondi, Selma, 156 border-seamsters, 268n53 Braun, Mildred, 208 Breslau rabbinical conference (1846), 42 Bressler, Daniel, 223 Bril, Isaac, 315n43 B’rith Abraham, 116, 306n2 brotherhood principle, 16, 21, 38, 102–3, 132, 168–69, 256–57. See also neighborly love principle Browne, Edward B. M., 71 Bruckmann, Henriette, 46, 149, 154, 295n140 Bruckmann, Philip, 46, 273n165 Brückner, Clara (Hessberg), 157, 158, 160–61, 183–84, 204, 297–98n177 Brückner, Simon, 298n177 Bruderbünde (brotherhood leagues, 38. See also brotherhood principle; neighborly love principle Bundes Brüder (Brothers of the Covenant), 27–28, 38 Bureau of Personal Service, IOTS and, 209 Busch, Isidor, 26, 39, 112, 134, 166, 309n159 Cäcilie Lorsch Deutscher Fortbildungsverein, IOTS, 204, 206 Cäcilie Lorsch Emergency Fund, 206–7 Central Conference of American Rabbis (CCAR), 190 Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens, 171–72 character formation (Bildung), 213 chevrah, in IOTS, 48–49 chevrah kadisha, 128 chevrot, 17, 26–27, 30–31 Chicago, Illinois: Congregation Sinai, 70, 75–76; Constitution Grand Lodge annual meeting, 174; Constitution Grand Lodge General Assembly, 105...

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