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{ 229 abolitionism, 10, 88, 133, 143 Adams, Benjamin, 98 Adams, John, 38 Adams, John Quincy, 111, 114, 141; antipartisanship of, 116, 119, 121, 138, 139, 146; and congressional caucus, 121; and “convention question,” 133, 197n152; 1824 presidential campaign of, 109–10, 116, 119–20, 121, 135; —, in Illinois, 132–33, 197n148; —, in Massachusetts, 124–26; —, in New York, 135; —, in Pennsylvania , 130; —, in Virginia, 128–29; 1824 presidential election outcome and, 13, 136–38, 143, 146, 198n171, 200–201n23; on “Era of Good Feelings,” 139–40; and Federalist Party, 109–10, 113, 116, 126; and slavery, 133–34 Adams, Louisa Catherine Johnson, 119, 193n60 Albany Regency (New York), 110, 112, 127, 134–35, 195n108, 199n2 American Bible Society, 54, 58 American Farmer (Baltimore), 89, 104, 106. See also Skinner, John American Society for the Encouragement of Domestic Manufactures, 95 American Statesman (Boston), 18, 126 American System, 110, 137–38 American Tract Society, 54, 58 anticonventionists. See “convention question ” (Illinois) antipartisanship, 9, 16, 46, 108, 137, 138, 139, 141–42, 146–47; in “convention question,” 9–11, 47, 48–49, 59–62, 62–63, 64–68, 68–69, 70–71, 120, 142, 145; 1824 presidential election and, 13, 108, 109–10, 110–11, 111, 114, 115–17, 119, 120, 121–24, 126–27, 127, 130–31, 134–35, 137–38, 142, 146; Middling Interest and, 8–9, 15–16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31–32, 33–34, 36–41, 42, 45–46, 61, 102, 140, 142, 199n2; and tariff policy, 11–13, 73, 78, 79–80, 83–84, 88, 89, 97, 99, 100–103, 106, 131, 142 Appleton, Nathan, 96 Articles of Confederation, 77 association: in “convention question,” 10, 47, 52–62, 62–63, 64, 68, 70–71, 71–72, 142, 144–45; interstate, 85–88, 106, 142; legitimacy of disputed, 40–41, 59–62, 62–63, 64, 68, 70–71, 99–100; Middling Interest and, 39–41, 59; origins of, 10, 47, 54, 58, 59; partisan functions of, 10–11, 19, 80; political importance of, 10–11, 12–13, 40–41, 47, 54, 58–59, 62, 68, 71–72, 73–74, 81, 84–85, 88, 99, 102–3, 105, 106–7, 109, 142–43, 147, 179n73; and tariff policy, 12, 73–74, 78–89, 90, 98–100, 104–5, 106–7, 142–43, 145, 183n27 Aurora General Advertiser (Philadelphia), 100, 101, 117. See also Duane, William; Duane, William J. Baldwin, Henry, 75, 187n89; as chairman of House Committee on Manufactures, 84, 97, 103, 104; 1824 presidential election and, 131; and lobbying, 94, 95; and petitioning , 91–92. See also tariff bill, 1820 Barbour, Philip B., 103 Birkbeck, Morris, 53, 54, 57, 61, 62 index 230 } Index Blackwell, David, 69. See also Illinois Intelligencer (Vandalia) Blake, George, 43 Blake, William W., 26, 35 Blakeman, Curtiss, 64 Blow, George, 83 Boston Commercial Gazette, 17, 18, 26, 33, 37, 38, 40, 126 Boston Daily Advertiser, 18, 31, 33 Boston, incorporation of, 28–29 Boston Patriot & Daily Mercantile Advertiser , 18, 125–26, 161 Bostonian & Mechanics’ Journal, 38, 42 Buckingham, Joseph T., 15, 21, 34–35, 49, 101, 117; 1824 presidential election and, 123; criticizes major parties, 21, 30, 31–32, 32, 33–34, 38, 45–46; supports Middling Interest, 21, 25, 30, 31–32, 35, 37, 40–41, 41–42, 43; and tariff policy, 186n73. See also New-England Galaxy (Boston) Buckmaster, Nathanial, 48, 176n7 Bucktails (New York). See Albany Regency (New York) Calhoun, John C., 114, 141; antipartisanship of, 108, 109, 115–16, 120, 121, 127, 134; congressional caucus, 116, 121, 123; and “convention question,” 176n15; 1824 presidential campaign of, 110, 115–16, 120, 121, 127, 135; —, in Pennsylvania, 129–30; 1824 presidential election outcome and, 137–38, 196n116; and Federalist Party, 116, 127 Carey, Mathew, 73, 78, 83, 93, 97, 98, 185n48; antipartisanship of, 73, 78, 83, 100; 1824 presidential election and, 129, 131; and lobbying, 94–95; and Panic of 1819, 74, 78, 106; and petitioning, 90–91, 93; and tariff policy, 73, 78–80, 87, 90–91, 93, 94–95, 99, 100, 105, 106, 186n73, 197n140 Cass, Lewis, 116 “celebratory” narrative, 4, 13–14, 140, 147; challenged, 7–14, 44, 71, 108, 140–47, 166–67n16; on emergence of parties, 4, 10, 13, 108, 145–46; and relationship between parties, elections, and policymaking , 4, 11, 143; and relationship between parties and participation, 4, 7, 9, 71, 108, 140, 141, 144, 194n88 Central Committee (conventionist, Illinois), 61, 64 Central Committee (Federalist, Boston). See General Committee (Federalist, Boston...