Fixing College Education: A New Curriculum for the Twenty-first Century

Source Notes

143 SOURCE NOTES Unless otherwise indicated, all my statistics come from the Chronicle of Higher Education 54.1 (2007), Almanac 2007–8 issue. Second references are by short title; the first reference may be found by using the index, under the author’s name. ABBREVIATIONS AAC&U The American Association of Colleges and Universities CHE The Chronicle of Higher Education IHE Inside Higher Education, newsroom@news.insidehighered .com PREFACE ix University of California, Academic Senate, Education at Berkeley, Report of the Select Committee on Education (Berkeley, 1966). x Critiques of American higher education: For instance, Ernest L. Boyer, Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America’s Research Universities (Stony Brook: The Boyer Commission on Educating Undergraduates in the Research University, 1998); John Tagg, The Learning Paradigm College (Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing , 2003); David L. Kirp, Shakespeare, Einstein, and the Bottom Line: The Marketing of Higher Education (Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 2003); Derek Bok, Universities in the Marketplace: The Commercialization of Higher Education (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2003); Frank Newman, Lara Coutourier, and Jamie Scurry, The Future of Higher Education: Rhetoric, Reality and the Risks of the Market (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2004); James Engell and Anthony Dangerfield, Saving Higher Education in the Age of Money (Charlottesville: U of Virginia P, 2005); Richard H. Hersh and John Merrow, eds., Declining by Degrees : Higher Education at Risk (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, SOURCE NOTES 144 2005); Derek Bok, Our Underachieving Colleges: A Candid Look at How Much Students Learn and Why They Should Be Learning More (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2006); Harry R. Lewis, Excellence without a Soul: How a Great University Forgot Education (New York: PublicAffairs , 2006). 1 WHAT’S WRONG WITH COLLEGE 1 Poll by the Chronicle: “What Americans Think about Higher Education ,” May 2, 2003, A10–A16. See also Neil Gross and Solon Simmons , “Americans’ Views of Political Bias in the Academy and Academic Freedom,” AAUP working paper, May 22, 2006, http://www .aaup.org/surveys/2006Gross.pdf, esp. pp. 4–7. 1 Students think they’re doing fine: AAC&U, Liberal Education Outcomes : A Preliminary Report on Student Achievement in College (Washington , DC: AAC&U, 2005), part 4. 2 Proficiency statistics: AAC&U, Liberal Education Outcomes, part 5. The 2003 report “National Assessment of Adult Literacy,” issued by the National Center for Education Statistics, rates only about 30 percent of adults having college degrees as “proficient” in reading—that is, as capable of “using printed and written information to function in society, to achieve one’s goals, and to develop one’s knowledge and potential” (2, 38); http://nces.ed.gov/ Pubs2007/2007480.pdf. 3 “spokesman for the National Alliance for Business”: Milton Grossberg in Crosstalk (National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education) 8.2 (Spring 2000): 12–13. 3 Colleges as commercial establishments: See Henry A. Giroux, “Selling Out Higher Education,” Policy Futures in Education 1.1 (2003): 179–200 (online journal available at http://www.wwwords .co.uk/pfie); Donald G. Stein, ed., Buying In or Selling Out? The Commercialization of the American Research University (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 2004). 4 Engell and Dangerfield, Saving Higher Education, 2. 5 Department of Education study: Elizabeth A. Jones et al., National Assessment of College Student Learning: Identifying College Graduates’ Essential Skills in Writing, Speech and Listening, and Critical Thinking, Final Project Report, National Center for Education Statistics (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Research and Improvement, 1995), 167, 165. 7 On the increasing use of adjunct or part-time faculty, see the reports and surveys of the Coalition on the Academic Work Force: http:www.academicworkforce.org/data. SOURCE NOTES 145 8 Teachers as exploited labor: On academic labor conditions, see Marc Bousquet, How the University Works: Higher Education and the Low Wage Nation (New York: New York UP, 2008). 8 Rebekah Nathan (pseud.), My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a Student (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2006); quotation from a review by Diana Jean Schemo, New York Times, 23 August 2006. 10 Professional and liberal education: See the report of the National Leadership Council for Liberal Education and America’s Promise, College Learning for the New Global Century (Washington, DC: AAC&U, 2007). 10 “new design for higher education”: Perhaps the best brief summary of new thinking is AAC&U’s College Learning for the New Global Century. 2 AN ENVIRONMENT FOR LEARNING 11 My opening discussion of teaching is heavily indebted to Donald L.Finkel,TeachingwithYourMouthShut(Portsmouth,NH...