Holocaust Memory Reframed: Museums and the Challenges of Representation

Index

249 INDEX absence, 11, 112, 113, 151, 212; in Jewish Museum Berlin, 5, 31, 33, 48, 51–54, 56, 84, 204, 208, 216; and Moses und Aron, 47; and negative sacred, Jewish Museum Berlin, 29; perception of, 104, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118; and tzimtzum, 203, 214 abstraction, 11, 104, 150, 153; in Holocaust art, 154, 155; in USHMM, 78; in Yad Vashem, 70 Adorno, Theodor, 9, 219n1 aesthetic differentiation, 87, 104, 107 Akedah (binding of Isaac), 15, 24, 198 Alexanderplatz (Berlin), 35 aliyah: and Massada, 199; and path between Mount Herzl and Yad Vashem, 200; and Yad Vashem narrative, 192, 193, 201. See also Ingathering of the Exiles Alkalai, Rabbi Yehuda Chai, 168, 169 Allen, Stanley, 31, 213 Alpers, Svetlana, 87 altarity, 153 Alte Synagoge (Old Synagogue), Essen, 136–138 Altman, Tosia, 163 Amalek, 192 American soldiers, 25, 77; in Ohrdruf concentration camp photograph, 131; in USHMM, 217 Améry, Jean, 1, 3, 4, 163, 218 Amishai-Maisels, Ziva, 119, 155, 175 Apel, Dora, 152 Appelbaum, Ralph, 126, 128, 140, 226n18 architecture: and Holocaust memorialization , 29; and Holocaust museums, 75, 151; and participation, 49, 52; and the sacred, 27; signifying potential of, 41 Arendt, Hannah, 207 Aronson, Shlomo, 69 artifacts, 88, 120, 126, 127, 143; and authenticity , 125, 126, 132, 133, 147; displacement of, 132, 147; display of, 6, 87, 90, 96; as evidence , 122, 134, 217; in Jewish Museum Berlin, 143, 145; as monuments, 181; in museum exhibits, 120; and provenance, 125; as relics, 123, 126; and remembrance, 123, 125, 147; and representation of victims , 147; ritual function of, 123, 125; as sacred, 126; as traces, 81, 88, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127; in USHMM, 121, 124, 127, 128, 133, 148, 217; as witnesses, 6, 81, 120, 121, 148; in Yad Vashem, 100, 111, 146. See also objects artwork/art object, 87, 90, 94, 100; and authentic presence, 124; in Holocaust museums, 3; and ritual, 125; of victims, 108; in Yad Vashem, 146 “Ash-Aureole” (“Aschenglorie”) (Celan), 132 Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit, 3 aura: of Holocaust artifacts, 43, 120–121, 123, 125, 142, 148; of living presence, 93; of museum objects, 181; of personal possessions , 144; of portrait photographs, 93, 94; and ritual, 125; of shoe exhibit, USHMM, 131; of work of art, 124, 125 Auschwitz-Birkenau, 124, 158, 190, 205, 219n1; as absolute evil, 195; artifacts from, 121, 128, 145; exhibit in Holocaust History Museum, Yad Vashem, 107–108, 135, 189; gate inscription, 127; pilgrimage to, 194; survivors of, 85 Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 128, 129, 135; and artifacts, 141 Autel de Lycée Chases (Altar to Chases High School) (Boltanski), 96, 97 250 Index authenticity, 43, 81, 120, 121, 141, 142, 145, 146, 172 autochthony, 6, 62–63, 70, 73, 74, 75; and Jerusalem, 59; and redemption, 190; and Yad Vashem narrative, 186, 187, 197, 201–202, 217 axes, Jewish Museum Berlin, 205, 207; and Holocaust remembrance, 143, 144, 145 Azaryahu, Maoz, 177, 199, 200 Ba’al Shem Tov, 8, 9, 164 Badone, Ellen, 232n2 Bal, Mieke, 87–90, 103 baptismal bowl (Taufschale), 209 Bar, Doron, 156, 157, 178, 197 barbed wire, as Holocaust symbol, 174–175 Barthes, Roland, 98; and photography, 93; and punctum, 94 Bartov, Omer, 66, 133 Baskin, Leonard, 154 Bateson, Gregory, 185 Beit Guvrin, Israel, 70 Beit Hashoah—Museum of Tolerance, Los Angeles, 123 Beit Shearim, Israel, 70 Bell, Catherine, 183–185, 189, 194 Belower Wald, 145 Belzec, 129 Benjamin, Walter, 2, 32, 45, 52, 127, 212; and aura, 125; and Einbahnstraße (One-Way Street), 6, 48–49; and photography, 93, 98; and “The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” 124 Bennett, Tony, 18, 213 Berenbaum, Michael, 126, 229n29 Bergen-Belsen, 15, 124, 145, 205 Bergner, Yosl, 119, 121, 142 Berlin, 1, 30, 41, 51, 206; division of, 31; and Gründerzeit, 32; and politics of remembrance , 30, 211; reunification of, 37; and void, 31 Berlin Senate, 37, 39 Berlin Wall, 30, 32, 33, 37 Bielicky, Michael, 175, 177–179, 181 Bilderverbot, 12, 150 Bildungsbürgertum, 117 Bloch, Ernst, 31 Bloom, Hyman, 161 Blumenthal, W. Michael, 36, 38 Boltanski, Christian, 96 Bourke-White, Margaret, 174 Brandenburger Tor (Brandenburg Gate), Berlin, 212 Branham, Joan, 226n19 Brenner, Yosef Haim, 198 bridge: in Jewish Museum Berlin, 54; and Memorial to the Deportees, Yad Vashem, 170; in USHMM, 80, 94–95, 97; at Yad Vashem, 71, 187 British Mandate, 59, 63 Broder, Henryk, 211 Brog, Mooli, 70 broken vision, Yad Vashem, 104, 109–111, 118 Buber, Martin, 14, 116 Buchenwald concentration camp, 174...