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237 GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS agha landlord, tribal chief, and patron ’a’ila patrilineage azadî independence, freedom beg a title similar to agha chete tribal mercenary diwan council chamber djinn an invisible spirit that can possess a person donum one donum ⫽0.618 acre doşek floor cushion ’eşîret tribe ’esil pedigree of attested patrilineal origin fellah peasant; plural fellahin haram forbidden jandarma Turkish gendarmerie khanum “lady”; a high-status female liwa governorates that comprise a vilayet; province mal patrilineage miskîn well behaved, gentle mudir governmental administrator mujamma’at government-controlled collective settlements mukhabarat secret police muxtar mayor nahiya borough namûs honor; patrilineal sovereignty peshmerga Iraqi Kurdish resistance fighters (“those who face death”) qadha district GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS 238 sayyid a status that claims patrilineal descent from Prophet Mohammed şerim (eyb) emotion prompted by a community’s perceived scornful gaze serspî an older woman (“white head”) shah “sovereign” in Persian shaikh a Kurdish Muslim sufi religious leader shari‘a Islamic law sîk, souq a Middle Eastern or north African bazaar umma the worldwide Muslim community vilayet Ottoman administrative unit waqf an Islamic endowment EIH Erbil International Hotel FBS/D father’s brother’s son or daughter FGC female genital cutting GOI Government of Iraq IDP Internally Displaced Person KDP Kurdistan Democratic Party KNC Kurdish National Council of Syria KRG Kurdistan Regional Government MECRI Middle East Consortium for Reconstruction and Investment NGO Nongovernmental Organization PKK Kurdistan Workers’ Party PSL Personal Status Law (Iraq and neighboring countries) PUK Patriotic Union of Kurdistan PYD Party of Unity and Democracy UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees USAID United States Agency for International Development ...

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