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221 Abadinsky, Howard, 14 abortion, 45, 95, 100 abstinence, 8, 139, 140, 147, 151, 174, 208; abstinence only, 4, 157; as model, 4, 157 abuse, xii, 34, 48, 133; childhood 17, 72, 75, 82, 99, 100, 119, 163, 167, 174; emotional, 100, 101; physical, 80, 90, 100, 101, 119–120; sexual, 72, 90, 100, 101, 114, 116–119. See also drug abuse Acker, Jean Caroline, 203 Acquah, Sam, 147 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 20, 102, 108. See also HIV/AIDS; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Adderall, 86, 99, 102 addict, 5, 59; drug, 69, 88, 155; heroin, 88, 119, 154; label, 6, 108, 143, 157; meaning, 9, 10, 138, 147, 148; methamphetamine, 77, 98, 111; role, 5, 81–82. See also problem addict; recovering addict; relapsing addict/junkie addiction: addictive personality, 4; counselor, xiv, 10; diagnosis of, 178, 180; discourse, 21, 82, 138; as a disease, 83, 177; drug, xiii, 175; meaning, 10, 81, 111, 138, 146, 154, 206; as a model, 137, 138–140, 147, 177; myth of, 147; pain pills, 86, 87, 88, 112, 122; professionals, 83 Adler, Freda, 17 Adler, Patricia, 29 African Americans, 58–61, 129, 199 Agar, Michael, 14, 201 agency: as constrained, 33, 50–52; as empowerment, 17, 18, 89; as an institution or organization, 77, 163, 178; model of, 157, 177; as self-control, 202, 203; in theoretical debates, 89, 127, 149, 198. See also choice Akers, Robert, 9, 138, 202 alcohol: abstaining from, 2, 5, 81, 180, 181; dependence on, xiv, 86, 146; problem with, 9, 157, 174; self-medicating with, 13; testing for, 11, 12, 68, 162; use, 68, 118, 134, 193; used in moderation, 139, 151, 154. See also Breathalyzer alcoholic, xiii, 2, 5, 66, 75, 81, 84, 116 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), 5, 81, 147–151. See also narcotics anonymous (NA); twelve step Allard, Ronald, 12, 58, 171 amphetamines, 14, 91 Anderson, Elijah, 12, 31 Anderson, Tammy, 17, 18 Angel Street Ministry (pseudonym), 136–137, 164–166 Anglin, Douglas M., 14, 15, 19 anomie, 202 anonymity, 21, 32, 33, 116, 139, 156, 190 antidrug warnings, 1 anxiety, 15, 101, 165 attention deficit disorder (ADD), 43, 86, 99, 110 Index attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), 99 avoidance, 151, 152–153 baby boomer drug users, 18 baby mill, 136 Bailey, Lucy, 138 Banks, Rae, 16 Barr, Alasdair, 15 Barrick, Christopher, 140 barriers: economic, 14, 89; racial, 129; to resources, 38, 70, 89, 108, 109, 142, 158, 167, 173, 179; social 14, 42, 89, 132 Becker, Howard, 13, 21, 48, 188, 201 Beckett, Katherine, 179, 182 Berger, Peter, 202 Biernacki, Patrick, 152, 188, 201, 203 bingeing, 4, 22, 63, 96, 97, 135 bipolar disorder, 85, 99, 101, 143, 164 Blankenship, Kim M., 20 blood pressure, 15, 88, 93, 94 Boedicker, Amy E., 19 Boeri, Miriam, 9, 13, 16, 18, 22, 144, 152, 157, 174, 175, 178, 192, 194, 194, 198, 201 bonding, 69, 129; social, 53, 70, 202. See also bridging boosters, 71 boot camp, 75 Boshears, Paul, 9, 157 Bostwick, Michael, 15 Bourdieu, Pierre, 69, 89, 127, 173 Bourgois, Philippe, 3, 13, 17, 23, 30, 31, 32, 109, 171, 172, 188 Boyd, Susan C., 16, 19 Breathalyzer, 11, 68 Brecht, Mary-Lynn, 15, 19 Bren, L., 16 bridging, 47, 52, 70, 119, 122, 134, 155. See also bonding Bruckner, Erika, 191 Campbell, Nancy, 16 Carden, Michael R., 106 Casey, John J., 17, 202 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 19–20, 102, 104, 107, 170 certificate of confidentiality, 31, 187 cessation, 47, 141, 191; barriers to, 51, 139; conceptualized as, 147, 174; patterns of, 50, 19, 57, 137, 138, 153 chalet, 44 Charmaz, Kathy, 27, 194, 197–198 Chesney-Lind, Meda, 16 children, 27, 32, 33, 84; and abuse, 34, 116, 117, 119, 163, 166; and domestic violence, 12; and family patterns, 2, 72, 82, 85, 90, 86, 110, 138, 183, 204; loss of custody of, 38, 64, 65, 70, 71, 72, 77, 82, 86, 124, 133, 142, 144, 148, 163, 166; mothers of, 1, 34, 54, 56, 61, 62, 63, 85; social services for, 23, 109, 141, 162, 164 Chitwood, Dale, 17 choice, 13, 47, 71, 89, 137, 157, 177, 180, 191, 203; constrained, 23, 70, 89, 106, 133, 141, 149; drug of, 4, 34, 61. See also agency church, 117; as social services provider, 12, 79, 137, 160, 165, 166, 167; and treatment, 76, 136, 149, 151, 152, 153, 155, 174 Cloud, William, 152, 173 Cloward, Richard, 203 cocaine, 15, 61, 74, 193; dealing, 1, 3, 61, 113, 126, 127...

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