In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:

^ 9 Committee added a structure for collaboration between those groups. National organizers and lecturers worked in California for the second half of 1895. SBA intended to return to the state in March 1896.(Report of the Twenty-seventh Annual Convention, 1895, pp. 50, 54, and Report of the Twenty-ninth Annual Convention, 1897,pp.65–70,and SBA to Carrie C.Catt,dictated 17 December 1895,shorthand, transcribed by M. D. Cohen, Film, 33:552ff, 34:637–39, 36:744ff; Susan Scheiber Edelman, “‘A Red Hot Suffrage Campaign’: The Woman Suffrage Cause in California , 1896,” The California Supreme Court Historical Society Yearbook 2 [1995]: 49–131; Gayle Gullett, Becoming Citizens: The Emergence and Development of the California Women’s Movement, 1880–1911 [Urbana, Ill., 2000], 65–106.) 5. San Francisco Call, 5 January 1896. SBA received a copy of the newspaper and dictated a letter to Frances Willard on January 13. In it, she reminded Willard about earlier attempts to plan how temperance advocates and secular suffragists could cooperate in state suffrage campaigns. She went on to complain that California ’s temperance union leaders had not consulted with the state association or the Joint Campaign Committee before extending the invitation. (SBA to F. E. Willard, dictated 13 January 1896, shorthand, Film, 34:790–91, transcribed by M. D. Cohen; Papers, 5:662–64.) ••••••••• 5 Y Frances E. Willard to SBA Spartanburg, SC1 Jan. 18, 1896 Dearest Susan, I had not the faintest idea of antagonizing you or the suffrage movement in California. I think I must have felt that what our women in California thought was best would be the thing to do because they are one and all devoted to suffrage and they besought us to go.2 Now I will do my best to have the place of the Convention changed but it will not be a small undertaking—I must consult my sister officers and get the Californians to agree. It had better not be a subject of remark through the press or in your Convention but I promise you I will bring about the change if possible. I am [sideways in margins] exceedingly sorry that I was not awake to the situation for I am very loyal to you and even you are not more devoted to the enfranchisement of women than your ever affectionate sister U Frances. p.s. Please send me word at once as to the date of the voting—perhaps we can fix the date of our Convention later.3 14 january 1896 10 & Y ALS, on letterhead of Woman’s Christain Temperance Union, Department of Juvenile Work, HM 10640, Ida Harper Collection, CSmH. 1. Above the handwritten place line, Frances Willard circled the address printed on her paper and wrote “Permanent Address.” Spartanburg was a stop on Willard’s southern tour in the winter of 1896. (Writing Out My Heart: Selections from the Journal of Frances E. Willard, 1855–96, ed. Carolyn DeSwarte Gifford [Urbana, Ill., 1995], 391–401.) 2. As discussions opened about moving the annual convention, one leader of California’s temperance union advised Willard that “there is not a shadow of a chance for the Am’t to pass.” (Beaumelle Sturtevant-Peet to F. E. Willard, 25 January 1896,and to Katharine L.Stevenson,30 January 1896,IEWT,from Temperance and Prohibition Papers.) 3. SBA replied on January 23 that less harm would come of a union meeting after the election but it would be better to move the event into another state. She also sent a copy of Willard’s letter to leaders of the California campaign and asked them to meet with state temperance union leaders to press for a move. Other letters between SBA and Willard may have followed. Still in the South on March 15, Willard noted in her journal that SBA “will not hear to our having it there this year even after the voting on suffrage amendment. On the contrary we think the liquor people will vote against it any way & nobody can win the decent element like the WCTU & we believe our soc. has made more converts to woman’s cause than any other but Susan is ‘set’ & I think for good feeling’s sake we would better change.” At a special meeting in Chicago on March 24, Willard prevailed over recalcitrant officers,and the union moved its meeting to Kansas “for Susan B.Anthonys sake.” (SBA to F. E. Willard, 23 January 1896, and SBA to Ellen C. Sargent and Sarah B. Cooper, 23...

Share