Loyal Subjects: Bonds of Nation, Race, and Allegiance in Nineteenth-Century America

Index

intraracial prejudice among, 165–166, 167; Jim Crow laws, 113, 140, 141; mass migration to the North, 194; Miss Ravenel’s Conversion from Secession to Loyalty on race, 82–83; Page on, 195–199; race loyalty for, 156, 165; representations in literature, 151; sexual violence against white women, 196–199, 202–203; Supreme Court cases limit rights of, 155; sympathy and loyalty deployed against, 148; uplift ideology, 155–156, 158, 167, 170; violence against, 74, 151. See also lynching; slavery alcohol abuse, 76 Alcott, Louisa May, 40–43 Alexander, William T., 154 allegiance: anomaly of American, 23, 24–25, 31; anxiety about verifying, 115; Bellamy on sentiment and national, 2–3; black and white distinguished, 155; conflicts between, 171; Du Bois on, 212, 217; loyalty as alternative to sympathy for, 3–4, 4–5, 21–23, 39, 55, 60, 142, 146, 186; loyalty oaths for formalizing, 7–8, 23–24, 46–48; multiplicity of ideals of, 224n13; obsessive, 110; Pledge of Allegiance, 1, 3, 7, 9; predicated on abstract principle or ideal, 102. See also loyalty Allen, Danielle, 178 abolitionism: on black body, 204–205; in The Bostonians, 111, 112, 113, 135, 246n35; martyrology of, 246n37 abstraction: abstract nationhood, 142, 231n76, 241n68; allegiance predicated on abstract principle or ideal, 102; blacks seen as unable to form abstract bonds, 148; in The Bostonians, 14, 112–113; in citizenship, 177–178; for countering racial hate, 180; domestic sentiment versus abstract loyalty, 25–26, 29; in moral reasoning, 182, 183, 184; Royce on, 15, 181–182, 186, 205–206; in white loyalty, 142 Adams, Henry, 220 Adams, John Quincy, 2 “Address to the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois” (Lincoln), 46–47 Adler, Felix, 184, 257n16, 257n19 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Twain), 149 African Americans: assumptions about deviancy of, 195; black American body, 181, 186, 193, 199, 204–207, 259n57, 259n59; Black Laws, 216; compromise of 1876 abandons, 74; conduct manuals for freedmen, 170; Du Bois on Reconstruction and, 212; equal rights for, 149, 155, 158, 170, 196, 252n46; family in literature of, 157; Index 264 / index Hatton’s Vengeance,” 175; race without, 208; racialized bodies, 189–194, 196; Royce on seeing beyond, 180; white, 198, 199, 201. See also lynching Bond and Free (Howard), 151 “Bone Ornaments” (Leland), 76–77, 240n54 Bonner, Sherwood, 143 Booth, John Wilkes, 130, 131 Bostonians, The (James), 103–136; on abolitionism, 111, 112, 113, 135, 246n35; Blithedale Romance compared with, 105–106; on causes as closed systems, 108; central question about commitment, 114; on Civil War’s aftermath as captivity narrative, 14–15, 131–136, 139; on fanaticism, 14, 103, 104, 108–113, 115; final sentence of, 136; on gender, 106, 245n20; on language, 114–122; on Manichaean oppositions, 136; marriage at end of, 106; Memorial Hall scene, 104, 109, 124–130, 244n13; Music Hall scene, 130–131; as national novel, 103–104; original publication of, 124; on promises, 116–122; and “The Question of Our Speech,” 107; reunion romances compared with, 103, 106, 121–122; rhetoric of conversion, 121; on women’s rights, 108–109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 129, 132–133, 135, 136, 245n29 Bowen, Janet, 244n13 Bronks, William, 87 Brooks, Peter, 49, 102, 103 Brown, John, 27, 210–217 Brown, Wendy, 225n20 Brown, William Wells, 151 Brownson, Orestes, 223n9 Bürger, Gottfried August, 89, 242n86 Bushnell, Horace: on biblical language, 243n100; changes his views on loyalty, 231n73; on the dead calling on us to do our duty, 94; “The Doctrine of Loyalty,” 32, 38, 229n44; on extreme conditions needed for loyalty, 94; on flag as symbol, 34–35; on government as requiring Supreme Being, 236n157; on lack of local patriotism in the North, 31; on loyalty and law, 38; on loyalty as Old World, 32; on loyalty requiring repudiation of rebellion, 97; on nation and family, 36–37, 70, 232n86; Allen, James Lane, 148–151, 155 altruism, 183 Anderson, Benedict, 124, 147–148, 247n56 Andrews, Sidney, 62 “Anecdote of the Jar” (Stevens), 116 Anesko, Michael, 247n65 anxiety, 50–51, 53, 115, 121 Aptheker, Herbert, 260n73 Arendt, Hannah, 24, 48, 51–52, 177, 235n150, 235n151 Aristotle, 2, 18 Atiyah, P. S., 171 Atlanta Constitution, 137 Austin, J. L., 54, 116, 118, 236n161 “Barbara Frietchie” (Whittier), 43 Barnes, Elizabeth, 2, 21 Barrett, Lindon, 259n59 Battle-Pieces (Melville), 73 “Battles and Leaders of the Civil War” series, 200, 247n63 Bayard, James A., 47 “Bayou L’Ombre: An Incident of the War” (King), 252n43 Beecher, Henry Ward: on the flag, 35; on gigantic dishonesties, 45; home and...