Do Hummingbirds Hum?: Fascinating Answers to Questions about Hummingbirds

References

References Chapter One: Hummingbird Basics Question 1: What is a hummingbird? del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal. 1999. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5, Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Rockville Center, N.Y.: Lynx Edicions. Grant, V. 1994. Historical development of ornithology in the western North American flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91:10407–10411. Question 3: Where in the world are hummingbirds found? Berlin, R. 1982. Floral biology, hummingbird pollination and fruit production of trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans, Bignoniaceae). American Journal of Botany 69:122–134. Bleiweiss, R., J. A. Kirsch, and J. C. Matheus. 1997. DNA hybridization evidence for the principal lineages of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae ). Molecular Biology and Evolution 14:325–343. Gould, J. 1991. John Gould’s Hummingbirds. Edison, N.J.: Booksales. Grant, V. 1994. Historical development of ornithology in the western North American flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91:10407–10411. Pleasants, J. M., and N. M. Waser. 1985. Bumblebee foraging at a “hummingbird” flower: reward economics and floral choice. American Midland Naturalist 114:283–291. Tripp, E. A., and P. S. Manos. 2008. Is floral specialization an evolutionary dead-end? pollination system transitions in Ruella (Acanthaceae ). Evolution 62:1712–1737. 164 REFERENCES Question 4: When did hummingbirds evolve? Altshuler, D. L., and R. Dudley. 2002. The ecological and evolutionary interface of hummingbird flight physiology. Journal of Experimental Biology 205:2325–2336. Bleiweiss, R. 1998a. Tempo and mode of hummingbird evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65:63–76. ———. 1998b. Origin of hummingbird faunas. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 65:77–97. Bochenski, Z., and Z. M. Bochenski. 2008. An Old World hummingbird from the Oligocene: A new fossil from Polish Carpathians. Journal of Ornithology 149:211–216. Bradshaw, H. D., and D. W. Schemske. 2003. Allele substitution at a flower colour locus produces a pollinator shift in Monkeyflowers. Nature 426:176–178. Garcia-Moreno, J., et al. 2005. Local origin and diversification among Lampornis hummingbirds: a Mesoamerican taxon. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 38:488–498. Grant, V. 1994. Historical development of ornithophily in the western North American flora. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 91:10407–10411. Johnsgard, P. A., 1997. The Hummingbirds of North America. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Louchart, A., et al. 2008. Hummingbird with modern feathering: an exceptionally well-preserved Oligocene fossil from southern France. Naturwissenschaften 95:171–175. Mayr, G. 2004. Old World fossil record of modern-type hummingbirds . Science 304:861–864. McGuire, J. A., et al. 2009. A higher-level taxonomy for hummingbirds . Journal of Ornithology 150:155–165. Thurston, H. 1999. The World of the Hummingbird. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. Question 5: How are hummingbirds classified? 1998 Check-list of North American Birds. 7th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Ornithologists’ Union. Clements, J. F. 2000. Birds of the World, a Checklist. Vista, Calif.: Ibis. del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal. 1999. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5, Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Rockville Center, N.Y.: Lynx Edicions. Hackett, S. J., et al. 2008. A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history. Science 320:1763–1768. REFERENCES 165 Sibley, C. G., and B. L. Monroe Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Question 6: What are the differences between typical or trochilid hummingbirds and hermits? del Hoyo, J., A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal. 1999. Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5, Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Rockville Center, N.Y.: Lynx Edicions. Question 8: How long do hummingbirds live? Hummingbird Monitoring Network. Protecting the Fog Forest of western Ecuador. http://www.hummonnet.org/preservation/projects .html. Accessed October 6, 2008. Operation Ruby Throat. Hummingbird-banding results. http://www .rubythroat.org/HummerResultsMain.html. Accessed October 6, 2008. Wethington, S. 2008. Personal communication (new record for Magnificent at eleven years). Wethington, S. M., et al. 2002. Longevity records for North American hummingbirds. North American Bird Bander 27:131–133. Question 9: Which are the smallest and largest hummingbirds? Altshuler, D. L., R. Dudley, and J. A. McGuire. 2004. Resolution of a paradox: Hummingbird flight at high elevation does not come without a cost. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101: 17731–17736. Gregory, T. R., et al. 2009. The smallest avian genomes are found in hummingbirds. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences...