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143 Appendix B: Transcription Conventions For conversations that were in Spanish, I provide the original along with my translation. Extended quotations are followed by my translations. These involve my translations of the translations that youth themselves had rendered. These presented me with the same translation challenges that I address in this book. I tried to be faithful to the spirit, tone and meaning of the original text. Translations were checked by a professional translator and native speaker of Mexican Spanish. I use a few basic transcription conventions in these transcripts: ⫽ indicates “latching” speech—where one speaker is cut off or cuts off another speaker. ( ) indicates words that were inaudible or unclear. : A colon or colons following a vowel indicates that the sound was drawn out by the speaker. [ ] Square brackets are used to provide clarifying information, features of nonverbal communication (such as laughter), and comments to aid interpretation. ? Question marks are used to indicate rising intonation. In this sense, punctuation marks do not serve the same purpose as they do in written texts. I did, however, use inverted question marks in the Spanish text for comments that were clearly intended as questions , spoken with rising intonation, because Spanish readers would expect these. Commas indicate a brief pause or in-breathe. Long pauses are marked by brackets. “ ” Quotation marks are used for reported speech. Capital letters are used to indicate increased stress, loudness, or marked emphasis by the speaker. ...

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