Flatlined: Resuscitating American Medicine

Notes

CHAPTER 1 NOT BUSINESS AS USUAL 1. David M. Cutler and Mark McClellan, “Is Technological Change in Medicine Worth It?” Health Affairs 20 (September–October 2001):1 1–29. CHAPTER 2 UNRELIABLE EMERGENCY SERVICES 1. Mark M. Moy, The EMTALA Answer Book (Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen, 1999). 2. Robert J. Mills, “Health Insurance Coverage: 2001,” in U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports (Washington, D.C., September 2002), 10. 3. Abaris Group for SAVE OUR ERS, “An Assessment of Houston Area EDs” (Houston, May 2002). 4. Charles E. Begley, Yu-Chia Chang, Robert C. Wood, et al., “Emergency Department Diversion and Trauma Mortality: Evidence from Houston, Texas,” Journal of Trauma 57 (December 2004): 1260–65. CHAPTER 3 AN ERODING INFRASTRUCTURE 1. Atul Gawande, “Casualties of War—Military Care for the Wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan,” New England Journal of Medicine, December 9, 2004, pp. 2471–475. 2. John G. West, Donald D. Trunkey, and Robert C. Lim, “Systems of Trauma Care: A Study of Two Counties,” Archives of Surgery 1 14 (April 1979): 1033–35. 3. Charles C. Branas, Ellen J. MacKenzie, Justin C. Williams, et al., “Access to Trauma Centers in the United States,” Journal of the American Medical Association , June 1, 2005, pp. 2626–33; National Foundation for Trauma Care, “U.S. Trauma Center Crisis: Lost in the Scramble for Terror Resources” (Las Cruces, N.M., May 2004). 4. U.S. General Accounting Office, “Hospital Emergency Departments: Crowded Conditions Vary among Hospitals and Communities” (Washington, D.C., March 2003); Catharine W. Burt, Linda F. McCaig, Roberto H. Valverde, “Analysis of Ambulance Transports and Diversions among U.S. Emergency Departments ,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 47 (April 2006): 317–26; American 275 NOTES Notes.qxd 10/7/08 10:19 AM Page 275 Hospital Association, “Taking the Pulse: The State of America’s Hospitals” (2005), http://www.hospitalconnect.com/ahapolicyforum/resources/content/ TakingthePulse.pdf; Lewin Group, “Emergency Department Overload: A Growing Crisis. The Results of the AHA Survey of Emergency Department and Hospital Capacity” (Falls Church, Va., April 2002); Abaris Group for the California Health Care Foundation, “California Emergency Department Diversion Project, Report 1” (Walnut Creek, Calif., March 19, 2007). 5. American Hospital Association, “Taking the Pulse.” 6. Institute of Medicine, Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the U.S. Health System, Hospital-Based Emergency Care: At the Breaking Point, (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2006), 19. 7. Linda Green, Shelly Glied, and Morgan Grams, “Ambulance Diversion and Myocardial Infarction Mortality” (New York: Columbia University Business School, 2005). 8. Abaris Group, “Houston-Galveston Area Council Emergency Health Care Study” (December 5, 2005); Linda F. McCaig and Catharine W. Burt, “National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003 Emergency Department Summary ,” Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics 358 (2005): 1–2; Catharine W. Burt and Linda F. McCaig, “Trends in Hospital Emergency Department Utilization : United States, 1992–1999,” National Center for Health Statistics. Vital and Health Statistics 13 (November 2001), http://www.cdc.gov/ nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_150.pdf. 9. Ann S. O’Malley, Anneliese M. Gerland, Hoangmai H. Pham, et al., “Rising Pressure: Hospital Emergency Departments As Barometers of the Health Care System” (Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change, November 2005); McCaig and Burt, “National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003.” 10. American Hospital Association, “Emergency Departments Provide an Important Access Point for Traditionally Underserved Populations,” Trend Watch 3 (March 2001): 1–2; Peter J. Cunningham, “What Accounts for Differences in the Use of Hospital Emergency Departments Across U.S. Communities?” Health Affairs Web Exclusive, July 18, 2006, http://content.healthaffairs.org/ cgi/reprint/25/5/w324. 1 1. Peter J. Cunningham and Jessica H. May, “Insured Americans Drive Surge in Emergency Department Visits” (Washington, D.C.: Center for Studying Health System Change, October 2003). 12. McCaig and Burt, “National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2003.” 13. Eric W. Nawar, Richard W. Niska, and Jianmin Xu, “National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2005 Emergency Department Summary” (Hyattsville, Md.: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, June 29, 2007). 14. Abaris Group, “Houston-Galveston Area Council Emergency Health Care Study”; Susan Lambe, Donna L. Washington, Arlene Fink, et al., “Trends in the NOTES 276 Notes.qxd 10/7/08 10:19 AM Page 276 Use and Capacity of California’s Emergency Departments, 1990–1999,” Annals of Emergency Medicine 39 (April 2002): 389–96. 15. Darius N. Lakdawalla, Dana P. Goldman, and Baoping Shang...