-
Index
- Rutgers University Press
- Chapter
- Additional Information
259 Index Actual Indonesian News, 92 Asian American/s: geographical distribution , 2–3; origins of the terminology of, 2–3; population in California, 93 Bangkok, 146–147 Bao, Jiemin, 10 Buddhism: merit-making, 151, 170–178; TheravƗda Buddhim, 172, 184–188, 199 Burma/ese, 185–188; Buddhism influence, 185–188; culture, 185–188; gender complex, 186–188; male spiritual glory, 187–188; monastery, 187; patriarchal militarism, 187; social ideologies, 185–188; State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) or State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), 199 Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP), 187 Burmese immigrant/s, 183–198; adaptation of, Buddhism, 11; ahlus (“offerings ”), 189; Aye-Thet Scholarship Program, 210–211; Buddhism, 11; Burmese language class, 209–210; Chinese-Burmese Buddhists, 199, 201; deva puja (god homage), 211–214; Dhammananda monastery, 203–205; ethnic identity, 201, 214; preservation of, 205–214; gender roles, 190–193; home temples, 188; in San Francisco Bay Area, 11, 202–205; in southern California, 188–189; monasteries and retreat centers, 188–193; nats, 211–212; networking, 190–193; Ne Win Government, 199–200; Patriot and Real ID Act, 202; population, 200–202; preservation of Burmese culture in domestic setting, 211–214; preservation of Burmese culture in monastic setting, 205–211; religion, 190–193; religious practices, 199–217; Shinpyu Initiation Rite, 207–209; TheravƗda Buddhists, 188–189; TheravƗda Buddhist Society of America (TBSA), 204; Thingyan Festival, 205–207; to the U.S., 200–202; women, 11, 184, 189–193 Bush, George H. W., 75 Bush, George W., 78 Byles, Marie Beuzeville, 188 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 17, 34, 41, 73. See also “Secret War” Cheah, Joseph, 11 Chonden, Tenzin, 80 Clinton, Bill, 75 Cunningham, Clark E., 8, 10 Dalai Lama, 5, 71–76; Five Point Peace Plan, 74; Nobel Peace Prize, 74; U.S. visit, 74–75 Darjeeling, 71, 84 Davis, Tenki Tenduf, 71 De Voe, Pamela A., 8 Dharamsala, 71–72. See also Tibet/ans: exile government Duschinski, Haley, 9–10 260 Index ethnic identity, 5; Burmese immigrants, 201, 214; Hmong, 9, 30–31, 237; Indonesian American, 10, 105; Kashmiri Hindu, 129; Mong American, 9; preservation of Burmese immigrants’, 205–214; Romani American, 10, 114–116, 122; Tibetan American, 9, 82–84 Evens, Grant, 24 Far East Broadcasting Company (FEBC), 39 Foo, Lora Jo, 46 General Ne Win, 187 General Vang Pao, 26, 41 Geneva Convention on Refugees and Protocol, 84 Gypsies, 109, 112, 115, 117 Hancock, Ian, 113 Henderson, Loy, 73 Hmong-American Coalition for Human Rights and Justice, 22 Hmong American/s, 17–33; achievements, 12; business development, 245–247; in the California History and Social Studies Curriculum, 27–28; case of Chai Soua Vang, 250; challenges in initial settlement , 18–19; community, 7; community leadership, 240–241; comparison with other refugee communities, 23; cultural adjustments, 18–19, 28–31; and discrimination , 249–250; education, 228–233, 247–248; employment, 244–245; ethnic identity, 9, 30–31, 237; family, 241–242; family conflicts, 248–249; in Fresno, California, 18, 240; health problems, 249; history, 238–239; interethnic relations, 26–28; leadership, 25–26; meaning of “Hmong,” 20; Miao and Hmong, 20–22, 236–237; in Minneapolis -St. Paul, 18, 240; in Minnesota, 18, 240, 242, 250; in a nation-state, 24; organizations, 22, 26–27; origins in China, 19–20, 236–237; political empowerment , 26–28, 242–244; population distribution, 18,239–240; post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18–19; problems and needs, 248–250; professionals, 25–26; public policy, 27–28; refugees, 4–5, 19, 238; relations with the Chinese, 21; relations with Laos, 22–23; relations with non-Hmong communities, 249–250; religion, 28–30; religious division, 29; religious practice, 29; social organization, 25–26; stages of, experiences , 12; Sudden Unexpected Nocturnal Death Syndrome (SUNDS), 19–20 (see also Mong American/s: Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome); suicide and violent death, 249; traditional leaders, 25; United Hmong Foundation, 18; views of China, 21–22; views of Laos, 23; welfare participation, 244–245; in Wisconsin, 18, 240, 246 Hmong District of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, 42 Hmong International Human Rights Watch, 22 Hmong National Council, 18 Hmong National Development (HND), 240–241 Hmong Veterans’ Naturalization Act in 2000, 27 Ho, Tamara C., 11 Ho-Chi-Minh Trail, 41 Holocaust, 115–116 Immigration and Nationality Act of 1984, 127 Immigration and Nationality Reform Act of 1965, 127 Indian American/s, 134 Indochinese Refugee Action Center (IRAC), 27. See also Southeast Asia Resource Action Center (SEARAC) Indonesia, Republic of, 91...