Faithful Education: Madrassahs in South Asia

Index

279 I N D E X Abbasid Empire, 56–57, 59, 236n28 Abd al-Aziz, Shah, 65–66, 106, 237n71 Acharya Ramamurthy Report (1990), 168 adab (etiquette), 120, 169, 181 Afghanistan: and Bangladesh society/ madrassahs, 153–157; in historical background of madrassahs, 50, 54, 238n75; and Pakistani society/madrassahs, 16–17, 95–96, 102, 104–108, 110, 112–114, 200–201, 223, 243nn44,45; post-9/11 discourses on, 1, 15, 21, 34, 37, 39–40, 44–45, 50, 230n5; pre-9/11 discourses on, 27–31 Ahl-e-Hadith Andolon Bangladesh (AHAB), 124, 148, 151, 156, 158, 245nn13,14, 247n61 Ahl-e-Hadith Jubo Sangha (AHJS), 124–125, 156 Ahl-e-Hadith madrassahs, 225; in Bangladesh , 123–125, 155, 158, 245nn13,14; in India, 123, 175, 178; in Pakistan, 80, 81, 108–110, 111, 112, 123, 197. See also Wahhabism ; names of madrassahs Ahl-e-Hadith Tablig Jamaat, 124 Ahl-e-Sunnat wa Jama’at, 75, 123 Ahmad, Sayyid, Shah, 117 Ahmadiyyas, 101, 108–109, 192, 197, 241– 242n33 Ahmed Riza Khan, 75 Akbar, 62–64 Akram Khan Commission, 214, 256nn65,66 Al-Haramain Islamic Foundation (AHF), 145–146, 148–149, 153, 248n71 Aligarh College, 76, 172 Aliya madrassahs. See state-supported education Allama Fazl-e-Huq (Khairabad), 179 All India Milli Council (AIMC), 186 All India Muslim Majlish-e-Mushawarat (AIMMM), 175, 183, 186 All India Muslim Personal Law Board (AIMPLE), 185–186 Althusser, Louis, 9 Aminee, Fazlul Hoq, 6, 134, 151, 249n89 Andrabi, Tahir, 91, 95, 240n11 Anjuman-e-Ahl-e-Hadith, 123 Anjuman-e-Sipah-i-Sahaba (ASS), 109–110 Anjuman Faizul Islam (Rawalpindi), 42 Anjuman Sipah-i-Mustafa (ASM), 110, 111 Anjuman Talimat-i-Deen, 170, 175, 251n25 Annan, Kofi, 43 al-Ansar al-Khairiah, 153 anti-Americanism: in Pakistani society /madrassahs, 114–115; post-9/11 discourses on, 25, 34, 40–41, 44–45; pre-9/11 discourses on, 24, 28 Arabic language, 77, 85–90, 86–89, 101, 121, 122, 177–179, 181, 182, 194, 195, 214 Arakan Rohingya Islamic Front (ARIF), 153 Arakan Rohingya National Organisation (ARNO), 152–153 Area Intensive and Madrassah Modernization Program (AIMPP), 185 Army of Jhangvi (LJ), 110 Army of Mohammed in Pakistan (SM), 110 Italicized page numbers refer to tables. 280 index Arya Samaj (Punjab), 71, 78, 239n101 Asfaraini, Abu Ishaq Ibrahim, 54 Asharites, 56–57 Assam Provincial Azad Deeni-Edraye Talim, 218, 257n80 Aurangzeb, 63–67 Avicenna, 221 Awami League (AL), 118, 131, 139, 141, 159, 246n45 awaqaf (Islamic endowments), 193–194, 199 Ayub Khan, 92, 103, 191–196, 198, 254n35 Azad Deeni Education Board, 149 Azan (call for prayers), 140 al-Azhar madrassah (Cairo), 54, 56 al-Azhar University, 193 Babri Mosque (Uttar Pradesh), 165, 172, 249–250n7 Bahmani Sultanate, 59 Bajrang Dal, 172, 250n9 Bakhtiyar Khilji, Ikhtiyar bin, 60, 116 Bali bombings (2002), 38 Balochistan Post, 207–208, 255n47 Bangladesh bombings (August 17, 2005), 14, 148–149, 151, 158, 161 Bangladesh Bureau of Education, Information and Statistics (BANBEIS), 130–131 Bangladesh constitution, 139–141, 246nn41,44 Bangladesh independence (1971), 17, 103, 116, 118, 119, 139, 142 Bangladesh Jamiatul Modaresin, 160 Bangladesh Madrassah Education Board, 118, 120, 131, 140, 149, 160, 212, 215–216, 257nn76,78 Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), 6, 131, 139–141, 160, 246n45 Bangladesh society/madrassahs, 12–14, 116–161, 222–223, 225–226, 229n28; categories of madrassahs, 119; characteristics of madrassahs, 120–125, 121, 244–245nn8,11-14; curricula of madrassahs , 119, 120, 121, 122–123, 160–161, 245n12; dangerous liaisons in, 152–158, 248nn71,73,77; networks of Qwami madrassahs, 18, 149–151, 154, 157–160, 248nn66,68 (see also Qwami madrassahs ); political rivalry concerning, 158–160, 248–249nn86,88,89; post-independence integration/mainstreaming, 118–119; pre-independence neglect, 117– 118; proliferation of madrassahs, 17, 116, 120, 125–134, 126, 127, 128–129, 130, 132, 150, 245nn16,17,19, 248n66; reasons for growth of madrassahs, 17–18, 134–149, 136, 137, 138, 246–247nn41,44,45,48,50; reforms of madrassahs, 190–191, 208– 218, 215, 255nn53,54, 256nn63,65,66,68,71, 257–258nn73-84,86; Western discourses on, 32, 34 Barelvis, 197; and Bangladesh madrassahs, 123; historical background of, 75–76, 78, 123; in Pakistani society/madrassahs, 80, 81, 108, 110, 111, 112, 205 Bari, Abdul, 45, 123–124 BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), 39, 43–44 Befakul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, 120, 130–131, 218 Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 8, 165, 170–173, 185–186, 189, 229–230n41, 249– 250nn7,9,11,12 Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 101, 104...