Jewish Resistance Against the Nazis

Contents

vii Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction: Jewish Resistance against the Nazis xiii Patrick Henry Part 1. Myths and Facts 1. The Myth of Jewish Passivity 3 Richard Middleton-Kaplan 2. Why Didn’t They Resist More? 27 Berel Lang 3. Jewish Resistance: Facts, Omissions, and Distortions 40 Nechama Tec Part 2. Western Europe and the Yishuv 4. Up in Arms: Jewish Resistance against Nazi Germany in France 73 Nathan Bracher 5. Unarmed Combat: Jewish Humanitarian Resistance in France during the Shoah 92 Nancy Lefenfeld 6. Unique Aspects of Jewish Armed Resistance and Rescue in Belgium 121 Suzanne Vromen 7. Resistance and Italian Jews in Wartime Italy 138 Ariella Lang 8. Greek Responses to the Nazis in the Mountains and in the Camps 161 Steven Bowman viii Contents 9. “Therefore Be Courageous, Too”: Jewish Resistance and Rescue in the Netherlands 185 Yehudi Lindeman and Hans de Vries 10. Between Accommodation and Awareness: Jewish Resistance in Scandinavia under Nazism 220 Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke 11. Organizing Jewish Resistance: The Decision-Making and Executive Array in Yishuv Rescue Operations during the Holocaust 245 Tuvia Friling Part 3. Children as Resisters and Music as Resistance 12. Raising Their Voices: Children’s Resistance through Diary Writing and Song 279 Debórah Dwork 13. An Untold Story of Rescue: Jewish Children and Youth in German-Occupied Poland 300 Joanna Beata Michlic 14. Music as Resistance 319 Nick Strimple Part 4. Central and Eastern Europe 15. Jewish Resistance in Nazi Germany and Austria, 1933–45 341 Dieter Kuntz 16. “Three Lines in History?” Modes of Jewish Resistance in Eastern European Ghettos 366 Dalia Ofer 17. Jewish Resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto 393 Avinoam Patt 18. Courage to Defy: Jews of the Independent State of Croatia 426 Fight Back, 1941–45 Esther Gitman 19. Legal Tools Instead of Weapons: Jewish Resistance to the State Takeover of Urban Real Estate and Businesses during the Antonescu Regime, 1940–44 448 Ştefan Ionescu 20. Jewish Resistance in the Ukraine and Belarus during the Holocaust 483 Yehuda Bauer ix Contents 21. Jewish Resistance in Slovakia, 1938–45 504 Hana Kubátová 22. Defying Genocide: Jewish Resistance and Self-Rescue in Hungary 519 Gábor Kádár, Christine Schmidt van der Zanden, and Zoltán Vági 23. Resistance in the Camps 547 Robert Jan van Pelt Contributors 595 Index of Names 601 Subject Index 613 ...