The Deeds of Louis the Fat

Endnotes

Endnotes INTRODUCTION I. For the biography of Suger, Cartellieri remains fundamental; see too Abbot Suger. Among narratives, Marcel Aubert, Suger (Rouen, 1950) is readable if somewhat benevolent. From the point of view of art and architectural history, see von Simson and Panofsky as well as E. Male, Religious Art in France, the Twelfth-Century, trans. Marthiel Mathews, ed. Henry Bober (Princeton, 1978), pp. 359-80, and William W. Clark,"Suger's Church at Saint-Denis; The State of Research," in Abbot Suger, pp. 105-30. See too E. R. Labande , "Memoria Sugerii abbatis," Cahiers de civilisation medievale 25(1982), pp. 121-27. 2. A. Luchaire, Les Premiers Capetiens (Paris, 1901), p. 311 (=Ernest Lavisse, ed., Histoire de France 2.2). Similarly, Marc Bloch saw Louis's reign as a "decisive turning point" in Feudal Society, trans. L. A. Manyon (London, 1962), p. 69; so too G. Barraclough, The Crucible of Europe (London, 1976), p. 84. This perception may go back to the twelfth century, for in his De nugis curialium, written toward the end of the century, Walter Map saw the reign of Louis as marking the completion of a long period of warfare: "From the decease of that Louis ['the Pious,' son of CharlemagneIthe sword did not depart from France until the Lord in his pity sent this Louis [VII," p. 443; see the sentences following this quote for a quaint view of Louis's recovery of power in the royal domain. 3. For the twelfth-century evidence on Suger's birth, see his own statement (below, cap. 27) and charters of I 130 and I 137 (Lecoy, pp. 326, 334) as well as a passage in the life of Suger written by William (Lecoy, p. 380). For recent information, see above all John F. Benton, "Introduction: Suger's Life and Personality," in Abbot Suger, pp. 3IS , esp. 3f, II-IS. The question is also discussed by Charles Higounet , La Grange de Vaulerent (Paris, 1965), p. 126, by Bournazel, p. 72, and by Spiegel, p. 34, n. 89. For brief remarks about Suger's entrance into monastic life, see William, Vita (Lecoy, p. 408) and De admin. 33, 34A (Panofsky, pp. 61, 81). 4. On the early history of St. Denis, consult J. M. Wallace-Hadrill, The Frankish Church (Oxford, 1983), pp. 126££, and Spiegel, pp. 14ff. 161 162 Endnotes 5. The quote is from Abelard, p. 86. On linkage between the abbey of St. Denis and the French monarchy, see in general Sumner McKnight Crosb~ The Royal Abbey of St. Denis: From Its Beginnings to the Death ofSuger, 475- I I 5I, edited and completed by Pamela Z. Blum (New Haven, 1987); Gabrielle M. Spiegel, "The Cult of Saint Denis and Capetian Kingship," Journal ofMedieval History I (19751, pp. 43-70; and Alexander Patschovsky, "Der Heilige Dionysius, Die Universitat Paris und Der Franz6sische Staat," Innsbrucker Historische Studien I (19781, pp. 9-31. See most recently on the cult of the blessed Dionysius prior to Suger, Colette Beaune, Naissance de la nation France (Paris, 19851, pp. 83-90. 6. On Suger's filial sentiments toward the abbey of St. Denis, see below, cap. 27, and De admin. 28 (Panofsky, p. 511 and 27 (p. 471. On his interests in old charters, see De admin. 3 (Lecoy, p. 1601 and cap. 27, n. 23, below. 7. For Suger at Bemeval (near Fecamp about forty miles northwest of Rouenl, see Catellieri, no. 9f. And for his activities at Toury, see below, cap. 19, and De admin. 12 (Lecoy, pp. noffl, with a charter of 1111 (p. 3651. 8. See I Samuel 2:8 for the quote used by Suger in De admin. 28 (Panofsky, p. 501 as well as in a charter of 1137 (Lecoy, p. 3341. On the matter of Louis and Suger being associates at St. Denis, Suger refers to Louis as having been at St. Denis ab infantia (De admin. 33A, Panofsky, p. 671 and, more generally, to Louis as having loved the holy Martyrs ab puero (below, cap. II. Being about the same age, they were probably both at the abbey at some point in time during their youthful years; on the date of Louis's birth, probably 1081 but perhaps 1082, consult Joseph Calmette, "Vage de Louis VI," Orientalia Christiana periodica 13 (19471, pp. 36-39. Almost all the sources for Louis's life are collected in Luchaire. There is little of value in Jacques Delperrie de Bayac, Louis VI: La Naissance de la France (Paris...