Notes
NOTES Chapter 1 1. According to U.S. Deputy Secretary of Commerce Robert L. Mallett, space activities involve some of the most important elements of "our high technology future," including software development, microchip technologies, sophisticated electronics, telecommunications , satellite manufacturing, advanced materials and composites, and launch technologies. Robert L. Mallett, "Next Economic Frontier," Space News, April 20-26,1998,15.2. Institute for National and Strategic Studies, Strategic Assessment 1999 (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1999). 3. For a layman's look at the history of astronomy, from the speculations of the ancients through the origins ofWestern astronomy, see Richard Grossinger, The Night Sky: The Science and Anthropology of the Stars and Planets (Los Angeles: Jeremy P. Tarcher, 1988). 4. See Genesis 1:14-18.5. For a concise discussion of the principles of orbitology and other characteristics of the space environment, see James E. Oberg, Space Power Theory (Washington, D.C.: GPO, March 1999), 23-41. 6. John M. Collins, Military Geographyfor Professionals and the Public (Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press, 1998), 138, 143. 7. Walter A. McDougall,. ..the Heavens and the Earth: A Political History of the 21st Century (New York: Basic Books, 1985), 20,21; Alan J. Levine, The Missile and Space Race (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994), 1; Frank Winter, The Rocket Societies: 1924-1940 (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution , 1983), 22.8. Shirley Thomas, Men of Space (New York: Chilton, 1960), 24.9. Ibid., 28. 10. Cited in Levine, Missile and Space Racey 3,4. 11. Winter, Rocket Societies, 13.12. Scientific and Technical Information Division, Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1985: A Chronology (Washington, D.C.: NASA, 1988), 152, 53. 13. William J. Walter, SpaceAge (NewYork: Random House, 1992), 55.14. Cited in William E. Burrows, This New Ocean: The Story of the First Space Age (New York: Random House, 1998), 102. In this inspired work, Burrows also relates in colorful detail the pioneering 304 Notes to Pages 11-17 work of Wernher von Braun and the story behind the world's first operational ballistic missile, the V-2 (94-124). 15. McDougall,... the Heavens and the Earthy 59. 16. Ibid., 26, 41-65. 17. Burrows, This New Ocean, 134; McDougall,. . . the Heavens and the Earth, 120-31. See also Naval Research Laboratory, Highlights of NRL's First 75 Years: 1923-1998 (Washington, D.C.: Naval Research Laboratory, 1998), 8, 9. 18. Paul B. Stares, The Militarization of Space: U.S. Policy, 1945-1984 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985), 23.19. United States Information Agency, Office of Research and Intelligence, "World Opinion and the Soviet Satellite: A Preliminary Evaluation," October 17, 1957, Report no. P-94-57, in NASA's Origins and the Dawn of the SpaceAge, by David S. F. Portree (Washington, D.C.: NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans, September 1998), 21-26. 20. McDougall, ...the Heavens and the Earth, 112-34. 21. F.H. Clauser, in RAND Corporation, Preliminary Design ofan Experimental WorldCircling Spaceship, RAND Report no. SM-11827, Contract W33-038, May 2, 1946, 2. The bracketed comments are mine. 22. D. Griggs, in RAND Corporation, Preliminary Design of an Experimental World-Circling Spaceship, 1. 23. L.N. Ridenour, "The Significance of the Satellite Vehicle," in RAND Corporation, Preliminary Design of an Experimental WorldCircling Spaceship, 9-11, 14, 15. 24. Sir Arthur C. Clarke, "Extra Terrestrial Relays: Can Rocket Stations Give World-Wide Radio Coverage?" Launchspace, January/February 1999, 44. This is a reprinted article that originally appeared in Wireless World, October 1945. 25. A. Michael Noll, Introduction to Telephones and Telephone Systems (Boston: Artech House, 1991), 48, 49. 26. John L. McLucas, Space Commerce (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1991), 26-36.27. Anthony R. Curtis, éd., Space Satellite Handbook, 3d ed. (Houston: Gulf, 1994), 12; McLucas, Space Commerce, 31-36. 28. Michael Fleeman, "Hollywood Looks at the Future through Digital Lens," Washington Times, March 13,1999, Al. 29. Rachel A. Roemhildt, "Tap-Tap-Tap of Morse Code Is Slowly Going Silent at Sea," Washington Times, October 7, 1998, Al. 30. For a comprehensive and detailed look at services provided by communications satellites, see Curtis, Space Satellite Handbook, 11-69. 31. Stares, Militarization of Space, 24. 32. The United States developed high-resolution optics, ultra-fine-grain photographic film, and high-resolution wide-angle lenses during World War II to assist with the strategic bombing campaign, which contributed more than marginally to the defeat of Nazi Germany. The author of a 1947 RAND study that established...
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