Index Addes, George, 96 Adkins v. Children’s Hospital, 31, 33, 34, 37, 40, 49, 50, 51, 154n23, 157n58 “adult worker” model, 125, 130 affirmative action, 106, 108, 112 AFL-CIO, 108. See also American Federation of Labor; Congress of Industrial Organizations African-Americans, 3, 8, 123, 137. See also Black women; race Agassi, Judith Buber, 161n33 Alaska, equal pay laws in, 94 Albertus Magnus, 110 Alexander, Sally, 62 American Federationist, 81 American Federation of Labor, 19, 75, 77, 84, 98. See also AFL-CIO Anderson, Mary, 27, 31, 87–88, 90–91, 93 Ankron, Lorena, 67 Arizona, minimum wage laws in, 152n2 Arkansas: equal pay laws in, 167– 68n51; minimum wage laws in, 45, 152n2, 153n13, 153n14 Baker, Elizabeth, 153n11, 155n41 Beirne, Joseph, 97 benefits: family related, 129; gendered distribution of, 45, 123; health, 139; and single mothers, 128; social, 39, 121, 123, 128, 131, 135, 138; trade unions and, 25–26, 137 Benson, Susan, 58 Black women, 11, 16, 25, 26, 28, 117, 152n86, 172n1. See also AfricanAmericans ; race Blakely, Roy, 8 Blewett, Mary, 60, 11 Bosworth, Louise, 13, 18 Bradley, Justice Joseph P., 154n28 Bradwell v. Illinois, 154n28 Brandeis, Louis, 31, 48 breadwinner: female, 125, 136, 140; ideal of, 122–23; male, 9, 63, 96, 132, 133, 135 Breckinridge, Sophonisba, 29 British Trades Union Congress, 77 budgets: for working women, 13–14, 147nn27–29 Bunting v. Oregon, 153n15 Business Week, 113 Butler, Elizabeth Beardsley, 13, 15, 20 California: equal pay laws in, 167n55; minimum wage laws in, 152n2 California Federal Savings and Loan Association v. Mark Guerra et al., 106Carr, E. H., 114, 116 Cheney, Charles, 21 child care, 12, 19, 28, 121, 122, 124, 128, 130–32, 135–39 178 Index child labor, 145n7, 156n41 Children’s Hospital v. Adkins, 47 Christman, Elizabeth, 97 citizenship: and equal pay, 95, 103; and right to work, 27, 30, 66, 75, 129 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 3 civil rights movement, 124, 135 Clark, Sue Ainslee, 13 class: and alliances between classes, 55–56, 128, 136; and gender identity, 51, 59, 62, 123; and wages, 26, 28, 47, 51; women in the making of, 61 Clinton, William: administration of, 137–38 Cobble, Sue, 59, 60 cold war, 96, 100 Colorado: equal pay laws in, 168n51; minimum wage laws in, 152n2 Commission on Industrial Relations, 77 Communications Workers of America, 97 comparable worth, 4, 89–91, 107, 108–9, 112–18, 164n2, 167n42. See also equal pay; equitable pay Congress of Industrial Organizations, 73. See also AFL-CIO Connecticut, equal pay laws in, 168n51 consumerism, 22, 26, 28, 29, 58, 85, 92, 101; and equal pay, 96–98 Cook, L. A., 68 Couzens, James, 24 Crayton, Mrs. Lee A., 68 crime: and unemployment, 70 Crumbly, Blanche, 54, 66, 67, 73 custom: and wage rates, 3, 8, 15–17, 60–62, 87–92, 109–15 day care. See child care defense industry, 85–86 Democratic party: and comparable worth issue, 108 dignity: household as locus of, 61, 69; for male worker, 10, 33, 34, 61, 111, 114; for women, 11, 61, 84, 114, 123; work as the locus of, 36, 37, 60, 82, 111. See also justice divorce, 67, 87, 125, 134, 137 Doak, William, 161n31 domesticity: as middle-class ideal, 43, 54; as natural role of women, 55–57, 59, 61–62; and power, 59, 64; and separate spheres theory, 56, 57–62, 65, 70, 73–74; values translated to workplace, 54–59 domestic service: as appropriate job for women, 42 Donham v. West Nelson Co., 156n56 Dowst Manufacturing Co. (Chicago), 91 Dunlop, John, 111 Eastman, Crystal, 42 Edsforth, Ronald, 26 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 94, 100 Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Sears, Roebuck and Co., 116 equality: changing definition of, 34–35, 59, 79, 106, 108, 124, 127; and family life, 5, 131, 134–36, 140–41; in the labor market, 1, 50, 125, 129; and wages, 21, 27, 30, 103. See also inequality equal pay (for equal work), 12, 23, 51, 75–103 passim; and consumerism, 95. See also comparable worth [3.229.124.236] Project MUSE (2024-03-28 14:39 GMT) Index 179 Equal Pay Act of 1963, 3, 75, 79, 98, 99–100, 103, 112, 167n51, 168n66. See also equal pay Equal Rights Amendment, 126–27, 129 equitable pay, 82, 89, 92. See also comparable worth; equal pay Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, 51, 164n2 fair wage, 2 families: as central to women’s roles, 8, 9–10, 11, 15, 19–20, 27, 39, 40...