281 Aardman Animation, 37 Academy Awards, 19, 88, 115, 133, 213, 219, 220, 264n Adamson, Joe, 120, 263n Adorno, Theodor, 14, 82 Aladdin (film), 206 Alice comedies, 19, 129, 267n compared to Fleischer cartoons, 83 hybrid style of, 142, 180 See also Walt Disney Company Allen, Woody, 271n Amblin Entertainment, 180, 269n Amidi, Amid, 158, 159, 170, 268n Anchors Aweigh (film), 180 animation aesthetics, 8, 12–14, 26, 64, 114–15, 131 and Art Nouveau, 36 and cubism, 131, 158 and expressionism, 13, 37, 65, 103, 106, 131, 158, 223 and surrealism, 11, 42, 55, 81, 88, 116, 140, 145, 158 See also realism anime, Japanese, 181 Ant Bully, The (film), 220 Antonioni, Michelangelo, 178 Aristotle’s Poetics, 256, 271n art films, 158, 178 Art Nouveau, 36 aspect ratio, 213 avant-garde and animation, 10–11, 13, 46, 48, 64 in Disney animation, 133, 147, 152, 154 in Fleischer animation, 82, 85, 96 and Mickey Mouse, 64 reflexive character of, 129 and surrealism, 11, 42, 55, 81, 88, 116, 140, 145, 158 in Ub Iwerks animation, 114–17, 127 Avery, Tex, 178, 192, 261n Back to the Future (film), 243 Bakshi, Ralph, 21, 180, 193, 195, 198, 199 background, 193–94 hybrid animation, 21 Fritz the Cat (film), 195, 200 The Lord of the Rings (film), 195, 200 rotoscope use, 195, 196 visual style of, 195–96 Ballet mecanique (film), 11, 117, 129 Bambi film, 12, 19, 121, 136–39 novel, 137 See also Walt Disney Company Barnum, P. T., 34 Barnyard (film), 220 Barre, Raoul, 30, 263n Barrier, Michael, 11, 42, 48, 49, 52, 62–63, 71, 74, 80, 81, 85, 87, 98, 100–101, 108, 109–10, 113–14, 127, 164, 173, 181, 194, 205–6, 226, 262n, 264n, 265n, 266n, 267n, 269n Bassinger, Kim, 195 Baudrillard, Jean, 6 and simulacra, 7, 227 INDEX Index 282 Bazin, Andre, 1–2, 29, 134, 139 Beauty and the Beast (film), 206 Bedknobs and Broomsticks (film), 180 Belton, John, 43 Bemiller, Bob, 108, 109 Benjamin, Walter, 12, 47, 65, 231 and modernism, 64, 253 and realism, 13–14, 82, 263n Beowulf (film), 23, 224, 226, 242–51, 258–59, 271n Bergen, Edgar, 140, 153 Berkeley, Busby, 147, 166 Betty Boop cartoons, 17, 79, 81, 84, 99, 101, 105 Betty Boop and Grampy (film), 88 Betty Boop and the Little King (film), 88, 90–92, 96 Grampy’s Indoor Outing (film), 88 House Cleaning Blues (film), 88 The Old Man of the Mountain (film), 100 Poor Cinderella (film), 88–90, 102 sexual nature of, 81 Snow-White (film), 85, 100 See also Fleischer Studio Bird, Brad, 212, 270n Blackton, J. Stuart, 9, 10, 25–27, 48, 115, 261–62n Blair, Mary, 146 Blanc, Mel, 166 Blue Sky Studios, 200, 220, 221 Bobby Bumps cartoons, 10, 31–33. See also Hurd, Earl Bolt (film), 43 Bond, James, 214, 216 Bordwell, David, 269n, 270n Bosco cartoons, 69, 178 compared to Mickey Mouse, 269n Bowers, Charles, 37, 42 Bray, John R., 11, 262n Bray Productions, 31–32 Silhouette Fantasies cartoons, 34 Broggie, Roger, 134 Brophy, Philip, 2 Brown, Denise Scott, 209, 270n Bugs Bunny, 3, 14, 20, 157, 168, 176, 221 Bully for Bugs (film), 171–72 A Corny Concerto (film), 162 Devil May Hare (film), 169 Disney influence on, 268n Duck Amuck (film), 167 Duck, Rabbit, Duck (film), 169 Hair Raising Hare (film), 162, 169 Homeless Hare (film), 168–69 Lumber Jack-Rabbit (film), 43 and narrative disciplines, 174 Operation: Rabbit (film), 169 Porky’s Hare Hunt (film), 168 Rabbit Fire (film), 169 Rabbit of Seville (film), 162 Rabbit Rampage (film), 167 Rabbit Seasoning (film), 169–71, 173 Rhapsody Rabbit (film), 161–62 Show Biz Bugs (film), 162 Stage Door Cartoon (film), 162 as Warner Bros. icon, 255 What’s Opera, Doc? (film), 159–62, 167, 172, 269n Who Framed Roger Rabbit (film), 192 See also Jones, Chuck; Warner Bros. Studio Bukatman, Scott, 106, 263n Buñuel, Luis, 178 Burkes, Johnny, 86 Burton, Tim, 37 and Corpse Bride (film), 37 and Mars Attacks! (film), 37 and The Nightmare before Christmas (film), 37 Cabarga, Leslie, 105–6, 108 Cabinet of Dr. Caligari (film), 223 California Institute of the Arts, 232 Canemaker, John, 146 [54.196.27.171] Project MUSE (2024-03-29 03:16 GMT) Index 283 Cars (film), 209, 217–19. See also Lasseter, John; Pixar Animation Studios Casper the Friendly Ghost cartoons, 43 Catmull, Edwin, 208 censorship, 81, 195 CGI, 21–23, 42, 201 in Beowulf (film), 244–51 and chromo-key, 244...