The Way of Duty, Honor, Country: The Memoir of General Charles Pelot Summerall

Notes

Notes Editor’s Note 1. At about the time Summerall retired from the army, the Houghton Mifflin Co. contacted him, encouraging him to “write [his] Reminiscences ,” which would “find a waiting public.” See Roger L. Scaife to Charles P. Summerall, December 10, 1930, box 8, folder September 1930–August 1931, S–Z, Charles P. Summerall Papers, Manuscript Division , Library of Congress (hereafter Summerall Papers). But he never wrote for publication. Introduction 1. Biographical information on Summerall and his military service can be found in Larry Addington, “Charles Pelot Summerall,” in Dictionary of American Military Biography, ed. Roger J. Spiller (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1984), 1077–80; Charles L. Anger, “Charles Pelot Summerall ,” in Dictionary of American Biography: Supplement 5 (New York: Scribner ’s, 1977), 668–69; Charles P. Summerall Jr., “Charles P. Summerall,” Assembly, January 1956, 57–58; and Timothy K. Nenninger, “Charles P. Summerall as Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, 1926–1930” (1986, typescript ). Summerall’s pre–World War I consolidated personnel file is 3672-ACP-1892, Appointment, Commission, and Personal Branch, Adjutant General’s Office, Record Group (RG) 94, National Archives (NA). 2. Colonel Robert L. Bullard to the Adjutant General, March 15, 1900, 3672-ACP-1892, RG 94, NA. 3. Efficiency Report by Colonel A. P. Hatfield, June 30, 1905, and Efficiency Report by Colonel H. L. Scott, June 30, 1910, 3672-ACP-1892, RG 94, NA. 4. Report of the Artillery Section of the American Military Mission, June–July 1917, box 26, Summerall Papers. 5. Addington, “Charles Pelot Summerall,” 1079; Fletcher Pratt, Eleven Generals: Studies in American Command (New York: William Sloan, 1949), 250–54. 6. Donald Smythe, “A.E.F. Snafu at Sedan,” Prologue, Fall 1973, 135–49. 7. For their mutual admiration society, see John J. Pershing to Charles P. Summerall, October 28, 1918, and Summerall to Pershing, October 31, 1918, box 193, John J. Pershing Papers, Manuscript Division , Library of Congress. 238 Notes to Pages 4–9 8. Liggett’s changing attitude is reported in the October 11, 1918, November 8, 1918, and May 6, 1919, diary entries of his aide, Lieutenant Colonel P. L. Stackpole. The diary is held at the George C. Marshall Library, Lexington, VA. 9. Duffy quoted in D. Clayton James, The Years of MacArthur, vol. 1, 1880–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1970), 222. 10. Russell F. Weigley, History of the United States Army (New York: Macmillan, 1967), 403. 11. Information from this section comes from Nenninger, “Charles P. Summerall as Chief of Staff.” 12. For more on Summerall, especially as Citadel president, see W. Gary Nichols, “The General as President: Charles P. Summerall and Mark W. Clark as Presidents of the Citadel,” South Carolina Historical Magazine 95 (October 1994): 314–35, and “General Charles P. Summerall : The Training, Command, and Education of the Citizen-Soldier,” in Unknown Soldiers: The American Expeditionary Forces in Memory and Remembrance , ed. Mark A. Snell (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2008), 144–64. 13. B. C. Mossman and M. W. Stark, “Former Chief of Staff General Charles P. Summerall, Combined Services Full Honors Funeral, 14–17 May 1955,” in The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921–1969 (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1991), 87–88. 1. The Rock Whence I Was Hewn 1. Private, Company E, Ninth Florida Infantry. 2. In February 1864, Brigadier General Truman Seymour, commanding mostly U.S. Volunteer troops from Massachusetts, occupied Jacksonville and cleared northern Florida of Confederate forces. 3. In 1598, the Treaty of Nantes granted French Huguenots equal political rights with Catholics but did not secure them complete freedom of worship. 4. In 1731, Purysburg, on the Savannah River lowlands, was settled by six hundred poor Swiss immigrants who wanted to establish a silk trade in the area, but the effects of malaria and other hardships proved impossible for them to overcome. The settlement died a slow death and was abandoned in the 1830s. 5. The capture of the Waterwitch is documented in U.S. War Department , The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies and Navies, 4 ser. in 128 vols. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901), ser. 1, 15:475–510. 6. U.S. Naval Academy (USNA) 1892; resigned 1907 as a lieutenant commander; died 1935. Notes to Pages 10–16 239 2. The Pit Whence I...