Black Women in the Ivory Tower, 1850–1954: An Intellectual History

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Black Women in the Ivory Tower, 1850–1954 an intellectUal History r stePHanie y. evans University Press of Florida Gainesville · Tallahassee · Tampa · Boca Raton Pensacola · Orlando · Miami · Jacksonville · Ft. Myers · Sarasota Copyright 2007 by Stephanie Y. Evans First paperback edition, 2008 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved 13 12 11 10 09 08 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evans, Stephanie Y. Black women in the ivory tower, 1850–1954 : an intellectual history / Stephanie Y. Evans. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-0-8130-3031-9 (alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-8130-3268-9 (paper) ISBN 978-0-8130-3929-9 (e-book) 1. African American women—Education (Higher)—History. I. Title. lc2741.e93 2007 378.1'982996073—dc22 2006022029 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, New College of Florida, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611-2079 http://www.upf.com To Pamela Copley, my eighth-grade dance teacher at Utterback Junior High School in Tucson, Arizona, for teaching me that “dancers don’t sweat, they glow.” You saved my life. Rest in peace. To Cherryl Arnold, my mentor and friend, for showing me that a black woman can live the good life. May God continue to bless you and keep you smiling. Ciao! To John Bracey, my dissertation chair, for teaching me that “I am somebody.” In addition to being a gentleman and a scholar, you are a master storyteller and a compassionate human being. To members of the Association of Black Women Historians, for leading the way and supporting me as I follow. Especially, to Angela M. Crider, my sister, for inspiring me with her beauty and for always sharing her music. Let’s take a long walk around the park, after dark Find a spot for us to spark conversation Verbal elation, stimulation Share our situations, temptations, education, relaxations Elevations, maybe we could talk about Surah 31:18; Elevations, maybe we could talk about Revelation 3:17; Elevations, baby, maybe we can save the nation. Jill Scott, “A Long Walk,” Who Is Jill Scott? (2000) ...